FN Clarivate Analytics Web of Science
VR 1.0
PT C
AU Xie, M
   Zheng, J
   Radicati, L
   Me, G
AF Xie, M
   Zheng, J
   Radicati, L
   Me, G
BE Tous, J
   Rovira, M
   Romero, A
TI Interspecific hybridization of hazelnut and performance of 5 varieties
   in China
SO Proceedings of the VIth International Congress on Hazelnut
SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 6th International Congress on Hazelnut
CY JUN 14-18, 2004
CL Tarragona Reus, SPAIN
DE Corylus heterophylla Fisch.; Corylus avellana L.; cold hardiness; yield;
   nut quality
AB The hazelnut (Corylus heterophylla Fisch.) has been well known since ancient times and is widely distributed in northern China. Until now this kind of hazelnut has only grown in the wild. Compared with the European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) the nut weight of Corylus heterophylla Fisch. is smaller (about 1.0 g less), and the yield is poor (about 300 kg/ha), but it has very good winter hardiness. A breeding program of interspecific hybridization between Corylus heterophylla Fisch. and Corylus avellana L. was initiated in 1979 at the Economic Forestry Research Institute of Liaoning Province (EFRI). The aim of this program included good climatic adaptability, high and constant productivity, bigger nut size, good kernel quality, high winter hardiness. During the period 1980-1986 more than 2,300 hybrid seedlings were obtained, while nearly 40 fine selections were selected during the period 1988-1996. From 1991 to 1999 hazelnut variety and advanced selection trials were carried out in different climatic zones in Liaoning province and other province, with the same aims as the aforementioned program. 5 new varieties were released in 1999, these being: 'Pingdinghuang' (80-43), height of 8-year old tree = 1.89 m, diameter = 1.78 m, nut weight = 2.4 g, percent kernel = 41 %, yield per tree = 1,597 g; 'Bokehong' (82-4), measurements for the same parameters were 2.66 m, 2.28 in, 2.1 g, 46%, and 1,749 g respectively; 'Dawei' (84-254), measurements for the same parameters were 2.30 m, 1.58 in, 2.5 g, 41%, and 1,283 g respectively; 'Jinling' (84-263), measurements for the same parameters were 2.13 m, 1.67 m, 2.2 g, 40% and 1,098 g; 'Yuzhui' (84-310), 2.51 m, 1.66 m, 2.0 g, 43%, and 1,005 g respectively. The new varieties showed a good growth rate and a high yield in the temperate zone (between 32 and 42 degrees N, average annual temperature 7.5-14 degrees C) in China. In 2001 and 2003 the back-crosses were carried out in both Italy (Universita di Torino) and China. Now a new selection trial is being carried out in Dalian, where 10 selections (such as 84-69 and 84-525) are being evaluated.
C1 Econ Forestry Res Inst Liaoning Prov, Dalian 116031, Peoples R China.
RP Xie, M (corresponding author), Econ Forestry Res Inst Liaoning Prov, 252 Yulin St, Dalian 116031, Peoples R China.
CR Liang W. J., 1994, Acta Horticulturae, P59
NR 1
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
PI LEUVEN 1
PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM
SN 0567-7572
BN 90-6605-688-6
J9 ACTA HORTIC
PY 2005
IS 686
BP 65
EP 70
DI 10.17660/ActaHortic.2005.686.6
PG 6
WC Agronomy; Horticulture
WE Conference Proceedings Citation Index - Science (CPCI-S)
SC Agriculture
GA BDI71
UT WOS:000233635700006
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Yudina, PK
   Ivanova, LA
   Ronzhina, DA
   Zolotareva, NV
   Ivanov, LA
AF Yudina, P. K.
   Ivanova, L. A.
   Ronzhina, D. A.
   Zolotareva, N. V.
   Ivanov, L. A.
TI Variation of Leaf Traits and Pigment Content in Three Species of Steppe
   Plants Depending on the Climate Aridity
SO RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE steppe plants; photosynthetic apparatus; intraspecific variations;
   mesophyll structure; partial tissue volumes; cell parameters;
   chlorophyll; carotenoids; climate aridization; adaptation; geographic
   latitude
ID AREA LMA; MASS; LEAVES
AB Mesophyll structure and content of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves of three species of steppe plants, Centaurea scabiosa L., Euphorbia virgata Waldst. et Kit., Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench, were investigated in four geographical sites of the Volga region and the Urals located in the forest-steppe and steppe zones. Variations of the studied parameters between geographical points depended both on the species and on the structural organization of the leaf. The highest level of variation was observed for leaf area and pigment content per unit leaf area, the size and the number of chloroplasts in the cell changed to a lesser extent. The leaf thickness, leaf area and mesophyll cell sizes mostly depended on the plant species. C. scabiosa had large leaves (40-50 cm(2)) with large thickness (280-290 mu m) and large mesophyll cells (up to 15000 mu m(3)). The leaves of H. arenarium and E. virgata were ten times smaller and characterized by 1.5 times smaller thickness and 2-3 times smaller cell size. Geographical location and climate of the region affected leaf density, proportion of partial tissue volume, and the ratio of the photosynthetic pigments. In the southern point of Volga region with the highest climate aridity, all studied species were characterized by maximum values of volumetric leaf density (LD), due to the high proportion of sclerenchyma and vascular bundles, and specificity of the mesophyll structure. With the decline in latitude, chlorophyll (Chl) and carotenoid (Car) contents in leaf area were reduced, the ratio Chl/Car was increased, and the ratio Chl a/b was declined. The reduction of the pigment content in the leaf in all species was associated with a reduction in the amount of Chl per chloroplast, and for C. scabiosa and H. arenarium it was associated also with the reduction of chloroplast amount in the leaf area. In turn, chloroplast number per leaf area and the total cell area (A(mes)/A) depended on the ratio of the number and size of mesophyll cells inherent to this plant species. At the same time, we found a similar mechanism of spatial organization of leaf restructuring for all studied species-decrease in A(mes)/A was accompanied by increasing in the proportion of intercellular air spaces in the leaf. It is concluded that variations in structural and functional parameters of the photosynthetic apparatus of steppe plants were associated with plant adaptation to climate features. General direction of the changes of leaf parameters of the studied species with aridity was the increase of LD and the decrease of pigment content per leaf area however the cellular mechanisms of changes in the pigment content and integral parameters of mesophyll were determined by the plant species properties.
C1 [Yudina, P. K.; Ivanova, L. A.; Ronzhina, D. A.; Ivanov, L. A.] Russian Acad Sci, Ural Branch, Bot Garden, Ekaterinburg 620144, Russia.
   [Zolotareva, N. V.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Plant & Anim Ecol, Ural Branch, Ekaterinburg 620144, Russia.
C3 Russian Academy of Sciences; Botanical Garden of the Ural Branch of
   Russian Academy of Sciences; Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Plant & Animal Ecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
RP Yudina, PK (corresponding author), Russian Acad Sci, Ural Branch, Bot Garden, Ekaterinburg 620144, Russia.
EM Polina.yudina@botgard.uran.ru
RI Zolotareva, Natalya/ABG-5334-2020; Ivanova, Larissa/P-7068-2019;
   Ronzhina, Dina/J-9762-2018; Ivanov, Leonid/K-1913-2018; Yudina,
   Polina/K-3044-2018
OI Ivanova, Larissa/0000-0003-2363-9619; Ronzhina,
   Dina/0000-0003-0854-0223; Ivanov, Leonid/0000-0001-6900-5086; Yudina,
   Polina/0000-0001-5192-7701
CR Buinova M.G., 1988, ANATOMIYA PIGMENTI L
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NR 30
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 28
PU PLEIADES PUBLISHING INC
PI NEW YORK
PA PLEIADES HOUSE, 7 W 54 ST, NEW YORK,  NY, UNITED STATES
SN 1021-4437
EI 1608-3407
J9 RUSS J PLANT PHYSL+
JI Russ. J. Plant Physiol.
PD MAY
PY 2017
VL 64
IS 3
BP 410
EP 422
DI 10.1134/S1021443717020145
PG 13
WC Plant Sciences
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Plant Sciences
GA ET6KC
UT WOS:000400399600013
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Hochman, Z
   Horan, H
   Reddy, DR
   Sreenivas, G
   Tallapragada, C
   Adusumilli, R
   Gaydon, D
   Singh, KK
   Roth, CH
AF Hochman, Zvi
   Horan, Heidi
   Reddy, D. Raji
   Sreenivas, Gade
   Tallapragada, Chiranjeevi
   Adusumilli, Ravindra
   Gaydon, Don
   Singh, Kamalesh K.
   Roth, Christian H.
TI Smallholder farmers managing climate risk in India: 1. Adapting to a
   variable climate
SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE Climate variability; Simulation; Participatory action research; Rice;
   Cotton; Maize
ID DECISION-SUPPORT; FARMING SYSTEMS; RICE INTENSIFICATION; MODEL; WATER;
   AGRICULTURE; IRRIGATION; OPPORTUNITIES; VARIABILITY; SIMULATION
AB This paper describes an investigation of various adaptations of rice based cropping systems to climate variability in India's Telangana State. All adaptations were generated through participatory engagement and were field-tested with local smallholder households before being evaluated through cropping system simulation analysis. This approach contrasts with most research about adaptation of cropping systems to climate variability and climate change that is mostly based on simplifying assumptions about current farmer management practices and where the feasibility of implementing proposed adaptations is rarely tested. In this study, the investigation commenced with discussions about climate related issues in rice based farming systems between researchers, farmers and NGOs in three villages in three Mandals of the state of Telangana. Participatory intervention was used to identify new practices that could provide more adaptive and robust responses to climate variability. Suggested adaptations were implemented in on-farm experimentation. Fields demonstrating these adaptations were monitored and results were discussed with participating farmers at regular 'Climate Club' village meetings. Crop and soil data from these fields were used to locally parameterise the cropping systems simulator APSIM. Local adaptations that were trialled in the villages were simulated using local soil and long term historical weather data. In each of the case studies, a number of adaptations that were developed and implemented in the villages were shown through simulation to be successful in terms of agricultural production, stability of yields and resource use efficiency. Of the adaptations investigated, sowing rules to reduce the chance of crop failure due to early dry spells were most readily adopted and are also relatively easy to extend to other villages. Strategic irrigation of rainfed crops such as maize and cotton resulted in significant gains to profitability and stability of these crops but cannot be considered in isolation where access to water is limited. Reduced irrigation of rice resulted in over 60 mm/ha/yr. savings in water and some improvements in gross margins but this adaptation was not popular with farmers due to its burden on labour and added risks associated with unreliable supply of electricity for pumping at critical times. The reduced rice area for strategic irrigation of rainfed crops adaptation resulted in improved gross margins per hectare per year and higher net water productivity. This adaptation is most promising but will require institutional change around water use policy and more equitable allocation of limited water resources within villages. These results led us to the proposition that participatory action research with smallholder farmers, coupled with field-testing and simulation analysis can produce practical and productive adaptations to climate variability. Crown Copyright (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Hochman, Zvi; Horan, Heidi; Gaydon, Don] CSIRO Agr, Biosci Precinct, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia.
   [Reddy, D. Raji; Sreenivas, Gade] PJTS Agr Univ, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.
   [Tallapragada, Chiranjeevi] Livelihoods & Nat Resource Management Inst, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
   [Adusumilli, Ravindra] Watershed Support Serv & Act Network, 12-13-452,St 1, Secunderabad 500017, Telangana, India.
   [Singh, Kamalesh K.] Indian Meteorol Dept, Lodi Rd, New Delhi 110003, India.
   [Roth, Christian H.] CSIRO Land & Water, EcoSci Precinct, 41 Boggo Rd, Dutton Pk, Qld 4102, Australia.
C3 Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO);
   Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) - India; India Meteorological
   Department (IMD); Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research
   Organisation (CSIRO)
RP Hochman, Z (corresponding author), CSIRO Agr, Biosci Precinct, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia.
EM zvi.hochman@csiro.au
RI Gaydon, Donald/F-4608-2012; Hochman, Zvi/E-8993-2010; Roth,
   Christian/F-8184-2010
OI Gaydon, Donald/0000-0002-0078-4154; Hochman, Zvi/0000-0002-6217-5231
FU Australian Centre of International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) [LWR -
   2008 - 019]
FX We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Australian Centre
   of International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) (LWR - 2008 - 019). The
   support of the local NGOs Ms. Govardhani (Gorita), Mr. M Janardhan
   (Nemmani) and Mr. Sudakhar Reddy (Bairanpally) and the many farmers of
   Bairanpalli, Gorita and Nemmani in the State of Telangana who
   participated in this research was invaluable. Advice and other valuable
   contributions were made by Dr. Prabhu Prasadini, Dr. Dakshina Murthy
   Kadiyala, Mr. Narender Babu Darla, Dr. Mahadevappa Sajjana Gandla, Mr.
   Rajender Kullaand Mr. Kamalakar Reddy Abboori from PJSTU, Dr. Ratna
   Reddy from LNRMI, Mr. Suresh Kosaraju, Mr. Janaki Rama Rao, Dr. G Venkat
   Raman, and Ms. Bhagya Laxmi from WASSAN, Dr. L.S. Rathore and Dr. Satya
   Kumar from IMD and Dr. SC Kar from NCMRWF.
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NR 53
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 1
U2 64
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0308-521X
EI 1873-2267
J9 AGR SYST
JI Agric. Syst.
PD JAN
PY 2017
VL 150
BP 54
EP 66
DI 10.1016/j.agsy.2016.10.001
PG 13
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Agriculture
GA ED8ZU
UT WOS:000389160400006
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT S
AU Chrungoo, NK
   Dohtdong, L
   Chettry, U
AF Chrungoo, Nikhil K.
   Dohtdong, Lashaihun
   Chettry, Upasna
BE Rajpal, VR
   Rao, SR
   Raina, SN
TI Genome Plasticity in Buckwheat
SO GENE POOL DIVERSITY AND CROP IMPROVEMENT, VOL 1
SE Sustainable Development and Biodiversity
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
DE Genome plasticity; Buckwheat; Protein content; Ecotypes;
   Agro-ecosystems; Fagopyrum spp; Plasticity; Genome size; Genetic
   diversity
ID FAGOPYRUM-ESCULENTUM MOENCH; NUCLEAR-DNA AMOUNTS; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY;
   PROTEIN EXTRACT; SIZE VARIATION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; GALLSTONE
   FORMATION; PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL; EVOLUTION; PLANTS
AB Plasticity is the ability of a plant genotype to respond to different environmental conditions by producing different phenotypes. Classic examples of phenotypic plasticity in plants include response of leaves to sun, heterophylly, environmental control of cleistogamy, responses to herbivory, inter- and intra-specific competition, allelopathy. True plastic responses to variations in environment have just as firm a genetic basis as other plant characters. As a parameter which is determined by those genetic systems that control development, plasticity can be considered as an epigenetic phenomenon. Thus, plastic responses represent changes in 'typical' developmental sequences due to the interaction of the organism's genotype with the environment. Even though the diversity of genetic resources is fundamental for ecosystem functioning, sustainable agricultural production and attainment of food and nutritional security, yet only a few crop species are utilized for food production throughout the world. Further, erosion of genetic resources is having serious consequences, both on the genetic vulnerability of crops to changes in environmental factors as well as in their plasticity to respond to changes in climate or agricultural practices. Since a crop's ability to tolerate the vagaries of environment is dependent on a complex combination of responses and mechanisms, an understanding of morphological, physiological, and genetic mechanisms involved in the responses of these crops assumes significance. As a source of agronomic traits for breeding and adaptability to changing environments genetic diversity in agricultural crops have tangible values. However, the shrinkage of agricultural basket due to "agricultural simplification," is having a significant impact on sustainability of farm agroecosystems. Of particular concern, the cultivation of traditional crops has declined and continues to decline globally, yet such crops offer greater genetic diversity, and have the potential to improve food and nutritional security. Among these, the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) and Consultative Group on International Agriculture (CGIAR) have identified buckwheat (Fagopyrum spp.), grain amaranth (Amaranthus spp.), and (Chenopodium spp.) as crops of potential for future. Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), a diploid (2n = 16) annual crop plant, is widely cultivated in Asia, Europe and America. Due to short growth span, capability to grow at high altitudes and the high-quality protein content of its grains, it is an important crop in mountainous regions of India, China, Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, parts of Eastern Europe, Canada, Japan, Korea, and Nepal. The plant is known to have three viz. summer, intermediate, and late summer ecotypes. While the late-summer ecotypes are low altitude cultivars, the summer ecotypes are cultivated at high altitudes. The summer ecotypes have been suggested to have been evolved from late summer ecotypes through selection of early flowering plants under long-day conditions; the selection being a part of the domestication process in buckwheat for climatic adaptation.
C1 [Chrungoo, Nikhil K.; Dohtdong, Lashaihun; Chettry, Upasna] North Eastern Hill Univ, Plant Mol Biol Lab, UGC Ctr Adv Studies Bot, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India.
C3 North Eastern Hill University
RP Chrungoo, NK (corresponding author), North Eastern Hill Univ, Plant Mol Biol Lab, UGC Ctr Adv Studies Bot, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India.
EM nchrungoo@gmail.com
RI chettry, upasna/HHM-2037-2022
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NR 69
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 24
PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG
PI CHAM
PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND
SN 2352-474X
BN 978-3-319-27096-8; 978-3-319-27094-4
J9 SUSTAIN DEV BIODIVER
PY 2016
VL 10
BP 227
EP 239
DI 10.1007/978-3-319-27096-8_7
D2 10.1007/978-3-319-27096-8
PG 13
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Plant Sciences
WE Book Citation Index – Science (BKCI-S)
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Plant Sciences
GA BE5TP
UT WOS:000373426500008
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Kearl, Z
   Vogel, J
AF Kearl, Zachary
   Vogel, Jason
TI Urban extreme heat, climate change, and saving lives: Lessons from
   Washington state
SO URBAN CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
DE Extreme heat; Heat-related illness; Climate change; Policy analysis;
   Problem orientation; Climate adaptation
ID PUBLIC-HEALTH; AIR-POLLUTION; MORTALITY; TEMPERATURE; IMPACT;
   VULNERABILITY; ASSOCIATIONS; ENVIRONMENT; MANAGEMENT; ILLNESS
AB Heat waves are becoming more common and intense around the world as a result of climate change, and they are affecting the resilience and livability of cities. Extreme heat can be fatal for people who are unacclimated or unable to seek relief. Heat-related illnesses and deaths are largely preventable, yet public health efforts can at times fail to account for important contextual factors in their policy responses (e.g., differential vulnerability due to pre-existing medical conditions, where people live or work, or people's self-perception of risk). Understanding these contextual factors is an essential foundation for identifying policy responses that can make tangible progress in reducing heat-related illnesses and saving lives during extreme heat events. While extreme heat is an issue faced by communities internationally, we contend that a state or region-specific contextual and problem-oriented policy analysis, such as we present here, is critical to saving lives because: (1) many of the factors driving extreme heat vulnerability are local in nature and (2) the resilience strategies best suited to improve public health outcomes generally rely on local and state policy. This article examines the key factors conditioning public health impacts of extreme heat in Washington state based on the framework of sensitivity, exposure, and adaptive capacity. Drawing upon our analysis of heat vulnerability in Washington state, we examine a suite of policy options within the context of Washington's communities that are tailored to mitigate, prepare for, respond to, or recover from heat waves and reduce heat-related illness and death in urban or suburban settings. We find extreme heat affects subpopulations differentially because of various contextual factors; this suggests a wide range of policy alternatives is necessary to meaningfully improve health outcomes community wide. Moreover, the array of policy alterna-tives often rely on agencies whose missions do not prioritize public health. We conclude that without mechanisms for formal coordination among implementing partners and agencies with an important role in protecting public health, important policy alternatives that serve vulnerable subpopulations will likely be neglected. We present this problem-oriented analysis of extreme heat in Washington state as a case study for identifying and evaluating contextually specific climate resilience strategies in the hopes that it can be useful across other geographies with different governance contexts, and perhaps even for other climate impacts.
C1 [Kearl, Zachary; Vogel, Jason] Univ Washington, Climate Impacts Grp, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
C3 University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
RP Vogel, J (corresponding author), Univ Washington, Climate Impacts Grp, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM jmvogel@uw.edu
OI Vogel, Jason/0000-0001-8279-3312
FU University of Washington Climate Impacts Group discretionary non-grant
   budgets
FX This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies
   in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Funding came from
   University of Washington Climate Impacts Group discretionary non-grant
   budgets.
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NR 127
TC 18
Z9 19
U1 10
U2 44
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 2212-0955
J9 URBAN CLIM
JI Urban CLim.
PD JAN
PY 2023
VL 47
AR 101392
DI 10.1016/j.uclim.2022.101392
EA DEC 2022
PG 19
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 7W9SL
UT WOS:000913846100001
OA hybrid
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Shamlou, AA
   Tallman, SD
AF Shamlou, Austin A.
   Tallman, Sean D.
TI Frontal Sinus Morphological and Dimensional Variation as Seen on
   Computed Tomography Scans
SO BIOLOGY-BASEL
LA English
DT Article
DE forensic anthropology; elliptical Fourier analysis; computed tomography
   scans; human variation; climactic adaptation; sexual dimorphism
ID ELLIPTIC FOURIER-ANALYSIS; POSITIVE IDENTIFICATION; RADIOLOGIC
   IDENTIFICATION; PARANASAL SINUSES; HUMAN REMAINS; SHAPE; ADAPTATION;
   RADIOGRAPHY; PARAMETERS; PATTERNS
AB Simple Summary The frontal sinus is an important cavity inside an individual's forehead and has been used by forensic anthropologists to provide positive identifications due to its highly unique structure from person to person, yet researchers still do not fully understand why it forms as it does. This study examined the differences in both shape and size of the frontal sinuses of over 300 individuals from various ancestral backgrounds and assigned sexes to see if climate adaptations or sexual dimorphism might be driving factors. Results showed that shape was not dependent on where a person descended from nor their assigned sex at birth; however, dimensionally, these variables in combination do cause some significant variation. The results also speak to the idiosyncratic nature of the frontal sinus and bolster confidence in using morphological variations as a means of personal identification. While it is still unknown what causes the significant shape variation between individuals within the U.S., it appears that the frontal sinus is affected more by sexual dimorphism than by the ancestry of the individual. Frontal sinus variation has been used in forensic anthropology to aid in positive identification since the 1920s. As imaging technology has evolved, so has the quality and quantity of data that practitioners can collect. This study examined frontal sinus morphological and dimensional variation on computed tomography (CT) scans in 325 individuals for assigned sex females and males from African-, Asian-, European-, and Latin American-derived groups. Full coronal sinus outlines from medically derived CT images were transferred into SHAPE v1.3 for elliptical Fourier analysis (EFA). The dimensional data were measured directly from the images using the MicroDicom viewer. Statistical analyses-Pearson's chi-square, ANOVA, and Tukey post hoc tests-were run in R Studio. Results indicated that 3.7% lacked a frontal sinus and 12.0% had a unilateral sinus, usually on the left (74.3%). Additionally, no statistically significant morphological clustering using EFA was found based on assigned sex and/or population affinity. However, there were statistically significant differences dimensionally (height and depth) when tested against assigned sex and population affinity, indicating that the interactive effects of sexual dimorphism and adaptive population histories influence the dimensions but not the shape of the frontal sinus.
C1 [Shamlou, Austin A.; Tallman, Sean D.] Boston Univ, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Sch Med, 72 E Concord St L1004, Boston, MA 02118 USA.
   [Tallman, Sean D.] Boston Univ, Dept Anthropol, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
C3 Boston University; Boston University
RP Tallman, SD (corresponding author), Boston Univ, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Sch Med, 72 E Concord St L1004, Boston, MA 02118 USA.; Tallman, SD (corresponding author), Boston Univ, Dept Anthropol, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
EM ashamlou@bu.edu; tallman@bu.edu
RI Tallman, Sean/JWO-5721-2024
OI Tallman, Sean/0000-0002-0940-279X
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NR 96
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 3
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2079-7737
J9 BIOLOGY-BASEL
JI Biology-Basel
PD AUG
PY 2022
VL 11
IS 8
AR 1145
DI 10.3390/biology11081145
PG 23
WC Biology
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
GA 4C3AP
UT WOS:000846331200001
PM 36009772
OA gold, Green Published
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Sacchi, R
   Mangiacotti, M
   Scali, S
   Donati, E
   Coladonato, AJ
   Zuffi, MAL
AF Sacchi, Roberto
   Mangiacotti, Marco
   Scali, Stefano
   Donati, Elisa
   Coladonato, Alan J.
   Zuffi, Marco A. L.
TI Opportunistic datasets perform poorly in Ecological Niche Modelling: a
   case study from a polymorphic lizard
SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE colour polymorphism; ecological niche modelling; geographic variation;
   niche comparison; opportunistic data; Podarcis muralis; spatial
   distribution modelling; spatial structure of data
ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; MALE TREE LIZARDS; THROAT COLOR
   POLYMORPHISM; PODARCIS-MURALIS; SEXUAL SELECTION; VARIABLE COLORATION;
   INSULAR POPULATIONS; COLLECTION DATA; EVOLUTION; MORPH
AB Context. Among processes involved in colour polymorphism, geographic variation in morph composition and frequency has been attracting interest since it reflects morph local adaptation. A recent study in the Pyrenees associated the pattern of geographic variation in morph frequency of the common wall lizard with the divergence in climatic niches, supporting the hypothesis that morphs represent alternative local climatic adaptations. However, the Pyrenees represent only a small portion of the species range. Aims. We modelled the ecological niches of Italian morphs using the same procedure adopted for the Pyrenees to check whether the effects detected at local scales (i.e. the Pyrenees) were repeatable at regional scales (i.e. Italy). This generalisation is needed to investigate how natural selection maintains locally adapted polymorphisms. Methods. We classified each locality (120 populations) according to the presence/absence of morphs, and independent Ecological Niche Models (ENMs) against the same background were fitted. Receiver Operating Curves accounting for sampling biases, equivalency and similarity tests were used to check and compare models accounting for spatial distribution of data. Key results. Morph-specific ENMs did not reproduce any of the patterns detected in the Pyrenees. Any difference among morphs disappeared after controlling for morph spatial distribution. Since occurrence points of the rarest morphs were a subsample of the occurrence points of the most common morph, it is not possible to separate the effects of true ecological differences among morphs from the effects of the spatial distribution patterns of morph occurrence. Conclusions. Using presence data not specifically collected for ENM comparisons does not allow reliable assessments of morph niche segregation. Our analysis points out the need to be very cautious in ecological interpretations of ENMs built on presence/background or presence-only data when occurrences are spatially nested. Implications. When dealing with data not specifically collected according to a targeted design, it is not legitimate to compare ENMs with completely nested occurrence points, because this approach can not exclude the possibility that ENM differences were the result of a spatial subsampling. This type of bias is probably largely underestimated, and it may lead to serious misinterpretations as shown in this study.
C1 [Sacchi, Roberto; Mangiacotti, Marco; Coladonato, Alan J.] Univ Pavia, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Via Taramelli 24, I-27100 Pavia, Italy.
   [Mangiacotti, Marco; Scali, Stefano; Donati, Elisa] Museo Storia Nat Milano, Corso Venezia 55, Milan, Italy.
   [Zuffi, Marco A. L.] Univ Pisa, Muse Storia Nat, Via Roma 79, I-56011 Calci, PI, Italy.
C3 University of Pavia; University of Pisa
RP Sacchi, R (corresponding author), Univ Pavia, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Via Taramelli 24, I-27100 Pavia, Italy.
EM roberto.sacchi@unipv.it
RI Donati, Elisa/GZG-2732-2022; Mangiacotti, Marco/AAZ-9550-2021; Zuffi,
   Marco/J-6974-2013; SACCHI, ROBERTO/E-2141-2011
OI SACCHI, ROBERTO/0000-0002-6199-0074; MANGIACOTTI,
   MARCO/0000-0001-7144-3851; Donati, Elisa/0000-0002-5750-0466
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NR 87
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 6
PU CSIRO PUBLISHING
PI CLAYTON
PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC
   3168, AUSTRALIA
SN 1035-3712
EI 1448-5494
J9 WILDLIFE RES
JI Wildl. Res.
PY 2022
VL 49
IS 8
BP 749
EP 759
DI 10.1071/WR21039
EA JUN 2022
PG 11
WC Ecology; Zoology
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA VN2MP
UT WOS:000806995700001
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Raynor, EJ
   Derner, JD
   Hoover, DL
   Parton, WJ
   Augustine, DJ
AF Raynor, Edward J.
   Derner, Justin D.
   Hoover, David L.
   Parton, William J.
   Augustine, David J.
TI Large-scale and local climatic controls on large herbivore productivity:
   implications for adaptive rangeland management
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE adaptive management; climate adaption; climate variability; El
   Nino-Southern Oscillation; herbivore density; large herbivore
   production; livestock grazing; net secondary production; Pacific Decadal
   Oscillation; semiarid rangelands; shortgrass steppe
ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; GRAZING SYSTEMS; CATTLE PRODUCTION; STOCKING
   RATE; PRECIPITATION; DROUGHT; VARIABILITY; GRASSLAND; ENSO; IMPACTS
AB Rangeland ecosystems worldwide are characterized by a high degree of uncertainty in precipitation, both within and across years. Such uncertainty creates challenges for livestock managers seeking to match herbivore numbers with forage availability to prevent vegetation degradation and optimize livestock production. Here, we assess variation in annual large herbivore production (LHP, kg/ha) across multiple herbivore densities over a 78-yr period (1940-2018) in a semiarid rangeland ecosystem (shortgrass steppe of eastern Colorado, USA) that has experienced several phase changes in global-level sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies, as measured by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). We examined the influence of prevailing PDO phase, magnitude of late winter (February-April) ENSO, prior growing-season precipitation (prior April to prior September) and precipitation during the six months (prior October to current April) preceding the growing season on LHP. All of these are known prior to the start of the growing season in the shortgrass steppe and could potentially be used by livestock managers to adjust herbivore densities. Annual LHP was greater during warm PDO irrespective of herbivore density, while variance in LHP increased by 69% (moderate density) and 91% (high density) under cold-phase compared to warm-phase PDO. No differences in LHP attributed to PDO phase were observed with low herbivore density. ENSO effects on LHP, specifically La Nina, were more pronounced during cold-phase PDO years. High herbivore density increased LHP at a greater rate than at moderate and low densities with increasing fall and winter precipitation. Differential gain, a weighted measure of LHP under higher relative to lower herbivore densities, was sensitive to prevailing PDO phase, ENSO magnitude, and precipitation amounts from the prior growing season and current fall-winter season. Temporal hierarchical approaches using PDO, ENSO, and local-scale precipitation can enhance decision-making for flexible herbivore densities. Herbivore densities could be increased above recommended levels with lowered risk of negative returns for managers during warm-phase PDO to result in greater LHP and less variability. Conversely, during cold-phase PDO, managers should be cognizant of the additional influences of ENSO and prior fall-winter precipitation, which can help predict when to reduce herbivore densities and minimize risk of forage shortages.
C1 [Raynor, Edward J.; Hoover, David L.; Augustine, David J.] USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources & Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
   [Derner, Justin D.] USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources & Syst Res Unit, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA.
   [Parton, William J.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
C3 United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); United States Department
   of Agriculture (USDA); Colorado State University
RP Raynor, EJ (corresponding author), USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources & Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
EM edwardraynor@gmail.com
RI Augustine, David/H-6167-2011; Raynor, Edward/J-8717-2015; Raynor,
   Edward/M-7162-2017
OI Raynor, Edward/0000-0003-2483-4694; Hoover, David/0000-0002-9326-9791;
   Derner, Justin/0000-0001-8076-0736
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NR 69
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 33
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1051-0761
EI 1939-5582
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD APR
PY 2020
VL 30
IS 3
DI 10.1002/eap.2053
EA JAN 2020
PG 15
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA LB2XJ
UT WOS:000506491300001
PM 31829472
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Strahlendorff, M
   Kröger, A
   Prakasam, G
   Kosmale, M
   Moisander, M
   Ovaskainen, H
   Poikela, A
AF Strahlendorff, Mikko
   Kroger, Anni
   Prakasam, Golda
   Kosmale, Miriam
   Moisander, Mikko
   Ovaskainen, Heikki
   Poikela, Asko
TI Forestry climate adaptation with HarvesterSeasons service-a gradient
   boosting model to forecast soil water index SWI from a comprehensive set
   of predictors in Destination Earth
SO FRONTIERS IN REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE soil wetness; forestry operations; seasonal forecast quality; XGBoost
   (Extreme gradient boosting); lightGBM; ERA5-Land; soil water index
   (SWI); SoilGrids
AB Soil wetness forecasts on a local level are needed to ensure sustainable forestry operations during summer when the soil is neither frozen nor covered with snow. Training gradient boosting models has been successful in predicting satellite observation-based products into the future using Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) and Earth Observation (EO) climate data as inputs. The Copernicus Global Land Monitoring Service's Soil Water Index (SWI) satellite-based observations from 2015 to 2023 at 10,000 locations in Europe were used as the predictand (target parameter) to train an artificial intelligence (AI) model to predict soil wetness with XGBoost (eXtreme Gradient Boosting) and LightGBM (Light Gradient Boosting Machine) implementations of gradient boosting algorithms. The locations were selected as a representative set of points from the Land Use/Cover Area Frame Survey (LUCAS) sites, which helped evaluate the characteristics of distinct locations used in fitting to represent diverse landscapes across Europe. Over 40 predictors, mainly from ERA5-Land reanalysis, were used in the final model. Over 70 predictors were tested, including the climatology of EO based predictors like SWI and Leaf-Area Index (LAI). The final model achieved a mean absolute error of 5.5% and a root mean square error of 7% for variable values ranging from 0% to 100%, an accuracy sufficient for forestry use case. To further validate the model, SWI prediction was made using the 215-day seasonal forecast ensemble from April 2021, consisting of 51 members. With this, the quality could also be demonstrated in the way our forestry climate service (HarvesterSeasons.com) would use the forecasts. As soil wetness is not changing as rapidly as many weather parameters, the forecast skill appears to last longer for it than for the weather variables. The technology demonstration and machine learning work were conducted as a part of the HarvesterDestinE project, supported by European Union Destination Earth funding managed by the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) contract DE_370d_FMI. The authors wish to acknowledge CSC - IT Center for Science, Finland, for computational resources. The code for the machine learning work and the predictions are available as open source at https://github.com/fmidev/ml-harvesterseasons (see README-SWI2). The training data and ML models are at https://destine.data.lit.fmi.fi/soilwater/. All data used for predictions are accessible from the SmartMet server at https://desm.harvesterseasons.com/grid-gui and the work flow is available in the script https://github.com/fmidev/harvesterseasons-smartmet/blob/master/bin/get-seasonal.sh Everything is made available for ensuring reproducibility. One will need to register and use their own https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu credentials for doing so.
C1 [Strahlendorff, Mikko; Kroger, Anni; Prakasam, Golda; Kosmale, Miriam; Moisander, Mikko] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Arctic Space Ctr, Space & Earth Observat Dept, Satellite Serv & Res Grp, Helsinki, Finland.
   [Ovaskainen, Heikki; Poikela, Asko] Metsateho Oy, Vantaa, Finland.
RP Strahlendorff, M (corresponding author), Finnish Meteorol Inst, Arctic Space Ctr, Space & Earth Observat Dept, Satellite Serv & Res Grp, Helsinki, Finland.
EM mikko.strahlendorff@fmi.fi
FU European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts10.13039/501100022666
FX The authors wish to acknowledge CSC - IT Center for Science, Finland,
   for computational resources.
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NR 18
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND
EI 2673-6187
J9 FRONT REMOTE SENS
JI Front. Remote Sens.
PD DEC 20
PY 2024
VL 5
AR 1360572
DI 10.3389/frsen.2024.1360572
PG 16
WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
WE Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI)
SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
GA R0O7E
UT WOS:001388560400001
OA gold
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Parkash, R
   Aggarwal, DD
   Singh, D
   Lambhod, C
   Ranga, P
AF Parkash, Ravi
   Aggarwal, Dau Dayal
   Singh, Divya
   Lambhod, Chanderkala
   Ranga, Poonam
TI Divergence of water balance mechanisms in two sibling species
   (<i>Drosophila simulans</i> and <i>D-melanogaster</i>): effects of
   growth temperatures
SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMS AND
   ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Developmental plasticity; Water balance-related traits; Cuticular lipid
   mass; Body melanisation; D. simulans; D. melanogaster
ID DESICCATION RESISTANCE; STRESS RESISTANCE; CUTICULAR PERMEABILITY;
   EVOLUTION; SELECTION; PATTERNS; ACCLIMATION; POPULATION; STARVATION;
   RESPONSES
AB Drosophila simulans is more abundant under colder and drier montane habitats in the western Himalayas as compared to its sibling D. melanogaster but the mechanistic bases of such climatic adaptations are largely unknown. Previous studies have described D. simulans as a desiccation sensitive species which is inconsistent with its occurrence in temperate regions. We tested the hypothesis whether developmental plasticity of cuticular traits confers adaptive changes in water balance-related traits in the sibling species D. simulans and D. melanogaster. Our results are interesting in several respects. First, D. simulans grown at 15 A degrees C possesses a high level of desiccation resistance in larvae (similar to 39 h) and in adults (similar to 86 h) whereas the corresponding values are quite low at 25 A degrees C (larvae similar to 7 h; adults similar to 13 h). Interestingly, cuticular lipid mass was threefold higher in D. simulans grown at 15 A degrees C as compared with 25 A degrees C while there was no change in cuticular lipid mass in D. melanogaster. Second, developmental plasticity of body melanisation was evident in both species. Drosophila simulans showed higher melanisation at 15 A degrees C as compared with D. melanogaster while the reverse trend was observed at 25 A degrees C. Third, changes in water balance-related traits (bulk water, hemolymph and dehydration tolerance) showed superiority of D. simulans at 15 A degrees C but of D. melanogaster at 25 A degrees C growth temperature. Rate of carbohydrate utilization under desiccation stress did not differ at 15 A degrees C in both the species. Fourth, effects of developmental plasticity on cuticular traits correspond with changes in the cuticular water loss i.e. water loss rates were higher at 25 A degrees C as compared with 15 A degrees C. Thus, D. simulans grown under cooler temperature was more desiccation tolerant than D. melanogaster. Finally, desiccation acclimation capacity of larvae and adults is higher for D. simulans reared at 15 A degrees C but quite low at 25 A degrees C. Thus, D. simulans and D. melanogaster have evolved different strategies of water conservation consistent with their adaptations to dry and wet habitats in the western Himalayas. Our results suggest that D. simulans from lowland localities seems vulnerable due to limited acclimation potential in the context of global climatic change in the western Himalayas. Finally, this is the first report on higher desiccation resistance of D. simulans due to developmental plasticity of both the cuticular traits (body melanisation and epicuticular lipid mass) when grown at 15 A degrees C, which is consistent with its abundance in temperate regions.
C1 [Parkash, Ravi; Aggarwal, Dau Dayal; Singh, Divya; Lambhod, Chanderkala; Ranga, Poonam] Maharshi Dayanand Univ, Dept Genet, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India.
C3 Maharshi Dayanand University
RP Parkash, R (corresponding author), Maharshi Dayanand Univ, Dept Genet, Type 4-35,MDU Campus, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India.
EM rpgenetics@ymail.com; ddgenetics@ymail.com
RI SINGH, DIVYA/KXR-9679-2024; Parkash, Ravi/I-4987-2019
OI RANGA, POONAM/0000-0002-0978-4759; Singh, Dr. Divya/0000-0002-5075-3866;
   Parkash, Ravi/0000-0001-9880-3941
FU Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi [21(0847)11
   EMR-11]; University grants commission, New Delhi
FX We are indebted to three anonymous reviewers for several helpful
   comments which improved the MS. Financial assistance from Council of
   Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi [Emeritus Scientist
   project no. 21(0847)11 EMR-11] is gratefully acknowledged. Divya Singh,
   Chanderkala Lambhod and Poonam Ranga are thankful to University grants
   commission, New Delhi, for award of Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowship
   (RGNF).
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NR 62
TC 21
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 24
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 0174-1578
EI 1432-136X
J9 J COMP PHYSIOL B
JI J. Comp. Physiol. B-Biochem. Syst. Environ. Physiol.
PD APR
PY 2013
VL 183
IS 3
BP 359
EP 378
DI 10.1007/s00360-012-0714-3
PG 20
WC Physiology; Zoology
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Physiology; Zoology
GA 114RV
UT WOS:000316760900006
PM 23080219
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Huang, YJ
   Xue, M
   Hu, XM
   Martin, E
   Novoa, HM
   McPherson, RA
   Liu, CH
   Chen, MY
   Hong, Y
   Perez, A
   Morales, IY
   Jara, JLT
   Luna, AJF
AF Huang, Yongjie
   Xue, Ming
   Hu, Xiao-Ming
   Martin, Elinor
   Novoa, Hector Mayol
   McPherson, Renee A.
   Liu, Changhai
   Chen, Mengye
   Hong, Yang
   Perez, Andres
   Morales, Isaac Yanqui
   Jara, Jose Luis Ticona
   Luna, Auria Julieta Flores
TI Increasing frequency and precipitation intensity of convective storms in
   the Peruvian Central Andes: Projections from convection-permitting
   regional climate simulations
SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE convection-permitting; future projections; Peruvian Central Andes;
   regional climate simulations; severe convective storms
ID COASTAL METROPOLITAN CITY; RECORD-BREAKING RAINFALL; CHINA; GUANGZHOU;
   FORECASTS; SYSTEMS; MODEL; WRF
AB To explore the potential impacts of climate change on precipitation and mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) in the Peruvian Central Andes, a region with complex terrain, two future convection-permitting regional climate simulations and one historical one are conducted using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. All simulations adopt consistent model configurations and two nested domains with grid spacings of 15 and 3 km covering the entire South America and the Peruvian Central Andes, respectively. The historical run, spanning 2014-2019, is driven by ERA5 reanalysis, and the future simulations, covering the period 2070-2080, are driven by a bias-corrected global dataset derived from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) ensemble under the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 emission scenarios. Results show geographically dependent changes in annual precipitation, with a consistent rise in the frequency of intense hourly precipitation across all regions examined. The western Amazon Basin shows a decrease in annual precipitation, while increases exist in parts of the Peruvian west coast and the east slope of the Andes under both future scenarios. In the warming scenarios, there is an overall increase in the frequency, precipitation intensity, and size of MCSs east of the Andes, with MCS precipitation volume increasing by up to similar to 22.2%. Despite consistently enhanced synoptic-scale low-level jets in future scenarios, changes in low-level dynamic convergence are inhomogeneous and predominantly influence annual precipitation changes. The increased convective available potential energy (CAPE), convective inhibition (CIN), and precipitable water (PW) in a warming climate suppress weak convection, while fostering a more unstable and moisture-rich atmosphere, facilitating more intense convection and the formation and intensification of heavy precipitation-producing MCSs. The study highlights the value of convection-permitting climate simulations in projecting future severe weather hazards and informing climate adaptation strategies, especially in regions characterized by complex terrain.
   Convection-permitting regional climate simulations are conducted to investigate the climate change impacts on precipitation and mesoscale convective systems in the Peruvian Central Andes. Intense hourly precipitation and organized convective storms become more frequent in the Peruvian Central Andes under a warming climate. Increased convective available potential energy (CAPE), convective inhibition (CIN), and precipitable water (PW) in a warming climate shift the convection population.image
C1 [Huang, Yongjie; Xue, Ming; Hu, Xiao-Ming; Chen, Mengye] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
   [Xue, Ming; Hu, Xiao-Ming; Martin, Elinor] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK USA.
   [Martin, Elinor; McPherson, Renee A.] Univ Oklahoma, South Cent Climate Adaptat Sci Ctr, Norman, OK USA.
   [Novoa, Hector Mayol; Perez, Andres; Morales, Isaac Yanqui; Luna, Auria Julieta Flores] Univ Nacl San Agustin Arequipa, Arequipa, Peru.
   [McPherson, Renee A.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Geog & Environm Sustainabil, Norman, OK USA.
   [Liu, Changhai] NSF Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA.
   [Chen, Mengye; Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK USA.
   [Jara, Jose Luis Ticona] Serv Nacl Meteorol Hidrol Peru SENAMHI, Arequipa, Peru.
C3 University of Oklahoma System; University of Oklahoma - Norman;
   University of Oklahoma System; University of Oklahoma - Norman;
   University of Oklahoma System; University of Oklahoma - Norman;
   Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa; University of Oklahoma
   System; University of Oklahoma - Norman; University of Oklahoma System;
   University of Oklahoma - Norman
RP Huang, YJ; Xue, M (corresponding author), Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73019 USA.; Novoa, HM (corresponding author), Univ Nacl San Agustin Arequipa, Arequipa, Peru.
EM huangynj@gmail.com; mxue@ou.edu; hnovoa@unsa.edu.pe
RI Novoa, Héctor/AAE-7687-2021; Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011; Huang,
   Yongjie/C-3525-2014; Flores Luna, Auria Julieta/LFT-5082-2024
OI Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238; Huang, Yongjie/0000-0001-7883-8768;
   Flores Luna, Auria Julieta/0009-0001-6280-4595
FU Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa (UNSA) of Peru through
   the IREES/LASI Global Change and Human Health Institute [20163646499];
   U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric System Research [DE-SC0024317];
   U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0024317] Funding Source: U.S.
   Department of Energy (DOE)
FX The Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa (UNSA) of Peru
   through the IREES/LASI Global Change and Human Health Institute,
   Grant/Award Number:20163646499; The U.S. Department of Energy's
   Atmospheric System Research, Grant/Award Number: DE-SC0024317.
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NR 81
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 3
U2 3
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0035-9009
EI 1477-870X
J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC
JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc.
PD OCT
PY 2024
VL 150
IS 764
BP 4371
EP 4390
DI 10.1002/qj.4820
EA AUG 2024
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA L4U7P
UT WOS:001285623300001
OA Bronze
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Amponsah, W
   Dallan, E
   Nikolopoulos, E
   Marra, F
AF Amponsah, William
   Dallan, Eleonora
   Nikolopoulos, Efthymios, I
   Marra, Francesco
TI Climatic and altitudinal controls on rainfall extremes and their
   temporal changes in data-sparse tropical regions
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Extreme daily rainfall; Ordinary events; Simplified MEV; Trend analysis;
   Volta River; Ghana; Sub-Saharan Africa
ID DURATION-FREQUENCY CURVES; NONPARAMETRIC-TESTS; PRECIPITATION; TREND;
   VARIABILITY; MODELS; FLOOD; GHANA
AB Sub-Saharan Africa's economy and livelihood are primarily dependent on agriculture, which makes it highly vulnerable to the impacts of extreme weather events and climate change. Modelling and quantifying extreme rainfall and its temporal changes in such environments could thus provide crucial information for design, insurance, management, ecology and climate adaptation. Rain gauge networks in the area are relatively sparse, and often characterized by missing data, which hamper the use of extreme-value methods for estimating extreme precipitation quantiles. In this study, we adopted the Simplified Metastatistical Extreme Value approach for the estimation of extreme return levels based on ordinary events (i.e., all the independent realizations of the variable of interest), which was shown to be more accurate than traditional extreme-value methods in the presence of short data records. We examined data from 66 rain gauges covering diverse hydro-climatic regions across Ghana with the aim of (i) validating the robustness of the statistical approach, (ii) characterising the climatic and altitudinal controls on the occurrence, frequency and intensity of rainfall extremes, and (iii) quantifying recent changes in the characteristics of extremes. We found that a two-parameter Weibull distribution well approximates the tail of the daily rainfall distribution throughout the area. Our statistical approach can quantify extremes with largely reduced uncertainties (7-17% uncertainty in the 100-year return levels computed using 10 years of data versus 11-62% of extreme-value based methods). Extreme precipitation statistics (daily intensity distribution, number of wet days, extreme rainfall quantiles) are found to significantly depend on latitude, so that the four latitudinally layered hydro-climatic regions typically adopted in the area well represent spatial variations. Elevation significantly affects the tail heaviness of the daily intensity distribution and thus extreme rainfall quantiles. Temporal changes during the period 1978-2018 are found to be non-homogeneous in the area as well as within the four hydro-climatic regions, but are homogeneous in three altitude-based regions. We report contrasting trends in extreme return levels in low-elevation (<200 m a.s.l.) and hilly regions, related to contrasting changes in the daily intensity distribution. Statistically significant positive trends in extreme daily rainfall amounts are observed in the inland low-elevation region of the Volta river basin, which call for further investigation of changes in future precipitation extremes in this extremely important hydrological region in SubSaharan Africa.
C1 [Amponsah, William] KNUST, Coll Engn, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Kumasi, Ghana.
   [Amponsah, William] KNUST, Coll Engn, WASCAL Climate Change & Land Use Ctr, Kumasi, Ghana.
   [Dallan, Eleonora] Univ Padua, Dept Land Environm Agr & Forestry, Legnaro, Italy.
   [Nikolopoulos, Efthymios, I] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Mech & Civil Engn, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA.
   [Marra, Francesco] Natl Res Council Italy CNR ISAC, Inst Atmospher Sci & Climate, Bologna, Italy.
C3 Kwame Nkrumah University Science & Technology; Kwame Nkrumah University
   Science & Technology; University of Padua; Florida Institute of
   Technology; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Istituto di
   Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima (ISAC-CNR)
RP Amponsah, W (corresponding author), KNUST, Coll Engn, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Kumasi, Ghana.; Amponsah, W (corresponding author), KNUST, Coll Engn, WASCAL Climate Change & Land Use Ctr, Kumasi, Ghana.
EM wamponsah@knust.edu.gh
RI Nikolopoulos, Efthymios/B-1717-2013; Marra, Francesco/I-3520-2019;
   Amponsah, William/HZL-5159-2023
OI Amponsah, William/0000-0002-1010-1206
FU West African Science Service Centre on Climate Change and Adapted Land
   Use (WASCAL); Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate of the
   National Research Council of Italy
FX y This study was not directly supported by any funding scheme. The
   authors wish to express their gratitude to the Data Processing
   Department of the Ghana Meteorological Agency, Accra, for making the
   daily in situ rainfall data available for this work. The data cannot be
   shared by the authors but can be requested from the Ghana Meteorological
   Agency (https://www.meteo.gov.gh/gmet/).William Amponsah expresses his
   gratitude to the West African Science Service Centre on Climate Change
   and Adapted Land Use (WASCAL) for the support. Francesco Marra thanks
   the Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate of the National
   Research Council of Italy for the support.
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NR 57
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 2
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-1694
EI 1879-2707
J9 J HYDROL
JI J. Hydrol.
PD SEP
PY 2022
VL 612
AR 128090
DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128090
EA JUN 2022
PN A
PG 13
WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA 5L3FK
UT WOS:000870300000002
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Portele, TC
   Laux, P
   Lorenz, C
   Janner, A
   Horna, N
   Fersch, B
   Iza, M
   Kunstmann, H
AF Portele, Tanja C.
   Laux, Patrick
   Lorenz, Christof
   Janner, Annelie
   Horna, Natalia
   Fersch, Benjamin
   Iza, Maylee
   Kunstmann, Harald
TI Ensemble-Tailored Pattern Analysis of High-Resolution Dynamically
   Downscaled Precipitation Fields: Example for Climate Sensitive Regions
   of South America
SO FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE weather research and forecasting (WRF) model; sensitivity; CHIRPS 2; 0;
   northeast Brazil; Ecuador; Peru; eSAL; parameterizations
ID WRF MODEL; CONVECTIVE PARAMETERIZATION; RAINFALL VARIABILITY; WEATHER
   RESEARCH; SUMMER MONSOON; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PART I; VERIFICATION;
   PERFORMANCE; PHYSICS
AB For climate adaptation and risk mitigation, decision makers in water management or agriculture increasingly demand for regionalized weather and climate information. To provide these, regional atmospheric models, such as the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, need to be optimized in their physical setup to the region of interest. The objective of this study is to evaluate four cumulus physics (CU), two microphysics (MP), two planetary boundary layer physics (PBL), and two radiation physics (RA) schemes in WRF according to their performance in dynamically downscaling the precipitation over two typical South American regions: one orographically complex area in Ecuador/Peru (horizontal resolution up to 9 and 3 km), and one area of rolling hills in Northeast Brazil (up to 9 km). For this, an extensive ensemble of 32 simulations over two continuous years was conducted. Including the reference uncertainty of three high-resolution global datasets (CHIRPS, MSWEP, ERA5-Land), we show that different parameterization setups can produce up to four times the monthly reference precipitation. This underscores the urgent need to conduct parameterization sensitivity studies before weather forecasts or input for impact modeling can be produced. Contrarily to usual studies, we focus on distributional, temporal and spatial precipitation patterns and evaluate these in an ensemble-tailored approach. These ensemble characteristics such as ensemble Structure-, Amplitude-, and Location-error, allow us to generalize the impacts of combining one parameterization scheme with others. We find that varying the CU and RA schemes stronger affects the WRF performance than varying the MP or PBL schemes. This effect is even present in the convection-resolving 3-km-domain over Ecuador/Peru where CU schemes are only used in the parent domain of the one-way nesting approach. The G3D CU physics ensemble best represents the CHIRPS probability distribution in the 9-km-domains. However, spatial and temporal patterns of CHIRPS are best captured by Tiedtke or BMJ CU schemes. Ecuadorian station data in the 3-km-domain is best simulated by the ensemble whose parent domains use the KF CU scheme. Accounting for all evaluation metrics, no general-purpose setup could be identified, but suited parameterizations can be narrowed down according to final application needs.
C1 [Portele, Tanja C.; Laux, Patrick; Lorenz, Christof; Fersch, Benjamin; Kunstmann, Harald] Karlsruhe Inst Technol KIT, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res Atmospher Environm Re, Campus Alpin, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany.
   [Portele, Tanja C.; Laux, Patrick; Kunstmann, Harald] Univ Augsburg, Inst Geog, Augsburg, Germany.
   [Janner, Annelie] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
   [Horna, Natalia; Iza, Maylee] Inst Nacl Meteorol & Hidrol, Direcc Estudios Invest & Desarrollo Hidrometeorol, Quito, Ecuador.
C3 Helmholtz Association; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; University of
   Augsburg; University of Erlangen Nuremberg
RP Portele, TC (corresponding author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol KIT, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res Atmospher Environm Re, Campus Alpin, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany.; Portele, TC (corresponding author), Univ Augsburg, Inst Geog, Augsburg, Germany.
EM tanja.portele@kit.edu
RI Lorenz, Christof/ABE-7130-2020; Fersch, Benjamin/A-7413-2013; Kunstmann,
   Harald/A-7071-2013; Laux, Patrick/A-7671-2013
OI Kunstmann, Harald/0000-0001-9573-1743; Lorenz,
   Christof/0000-0001-5590-5470; Iza Wong, Angela
   Maylee/0000-0001-5280-1035; Portele, Tanja
   Christina/0000-0001-9436-710X; Laux, Patrick/0000-0002-8657-6152
FU German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [02WGR1421]
FX This work was supported by the funding from the German Federal Ministry
   of Education and Research (BMBF) for the SaWaM project (Seasonal Water
   Resources Management: Regionalized Global Data and Transfer to Practice)
   under the financial assistance agreement No 02WGR1421.
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NR 70
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 8
PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND
EI 2296-6463
J9 FRONT EARTH SC-SWITZ
JI Front. Earth Sci.
PD MAY 13
PY 2021
VL 9
AR 669427
DI 10.3389/feart.2021.669427
PG 23
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Geology
GA SI7EQ
UT WOS:000654989800001
OA gold, Green Published
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Hardy, H
   Hopkins, R
   Mnyone, L
   Hawkes, FM
AF Hardy, Harrison
   Hopkins, Richard
   Mnyone, Ladslaus
   Hawkes, Frances M.
TI Manure and mosquitoes: life history traits of two malaria vector species
   enhanced by larval exposure to cow dung, whilst chicken dung has a
   strong negative effect
SO PARASITES & VECTORS
LA English
DT Article
DE Organic fertilisers; Anopheles arabiensis; Anopheles gambiae sensu
   stricto; Rice cultivation; Malaria vectors; Mosquito larvae; Life
   history traits
ID RICE INTENSIFICATION SRI; SENSU-STRICTO DIPTERA; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE;
   BODY-SIZE; OVIPOSITION ATTRACTANTS; HABITAT PRODUCTIVITY; AQUATIC
   INSECTS; CULICIDAE; SYSTEM; TEMPERATURE
AB Background: Malaria vectors have a strong ecological association with rice agroecosystems, which can provide abundant aquatic habitats for larval development. Climate-adapted rice cultivation practices, such as the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), are gaining popularity in malaria-endemic countries seeking to expand rice production; however, the potential impact of these practices on vector populations has not been well characterised. In particular, SRI encourages the use of organic fertilisers (OFs), such as animal manures, as low-cost and environmentally friendly alternatives to industrially produced inorganic fertilisers. We therefore set out to understand the effects of two common manure-based OFs on the life history traits of two major African malaria vectors, Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.). Methods: Larvae of An. arabiensis and An. gambiae s.s. were reared from first instar to emergence in water containing either cow or chicken dung at one of four concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 g/100 ml), or in a clean water control. Their life history traits were recorded, including survival, development rate, adult production, and adult wing length. Results: Exposure to cow dung significantly increased the development rate of An. gambiae s.s. independent of concentration, but did not affect the overall survival and adult production of either species. Chicken dung, however, significantly reduced survival and adult production in both species, with a greater effect as concentration increased. Interestingly, An. arabiensis exhibited a relative tolerance to the lowest chicken dung concentration, in that survival was unaffected and adult production was not reduced to the same extent as in An. gambiae s.s. The effects of chicken dung on development rate were less clear in both species owing to high larval mortality overall, though there was some indication that it may reduce development rate. Adult wing lengths in males and females increased with higher concentrations of both cow and chicken dung. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that manure-based OFs significantly alter the life history traits of An. gambiae s.s. and An. arabiensis. In both species, exposure to cow dung may improve fitness, whereas exposure to chicken dung may reduce it. These findings have implications for understanding vector population dynamics in rice agroecosystems and may inform the use of OFs in SRI, and rice agriculture more widely, to avoid their adverse effects in enhancing vector fitness.
C1 [Hardy, Harrison; Hopkins, Richard; Hawkes, Frances M.] Univ Greenwich, Nat Resources Inst, London, England.
   [Mnyone, Ladslaus] Sokoine Univ Agr, Inst Pest Management, Morogoro, Tanzania.
   [Mnyone, Ladslaus] Minist Educ Sci & Technol, Dept Sci Technol & Innovat, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
C3 University of Greenwich; Sokoine University of Agriculture
RP Hawkes, FM (corresponding author), Univ Greenwich, Nat Resources Inst, London, England.
EM f.m.hawkes@gre.ac.uk
OI Hardy, Harrison/0000-0003-1209-1256; Hawkes, Frances/0000-0002-0964-3702
FU UK Research and Innovation's Expanding Excellence in England Fund under
   the Food and Nutrition Security Initiative (FaNSI) - 50.18 University of
   Greenwich, Climate Change area
FX This research was funded by UK Research and Innovation's Expanding
   Excellence in England Fund under the Food and Nutrition Security
   Initiative (FaNSI) - 50.18 University of Greenwich, Climate Change area
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NR 77
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 7
PU BMC
PI LONDON
PA CAMPUS, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1756-3305
J9 PARASITE VECTOR
JI Parasites Vectors
PD DEC 16
PY 2022
VL 15
IS 1
AR 472
DI 10.1186/s13071-022-05601-3
PG 14
WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine
GA 6Z9MD
UT WOS:000898090700001
PM 36527072
OA Green Accepted, gold, Green Published
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Germain, SJ
   Lutz, JA
AF Germain, Sara J.
   Lutz, James A.
TI Stand diversity increases pine resistance and resilience to compound
   disturbance
SO FIRE ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Associational resistance; Bark beetles; Drought; Diversity-productivity;
   Fire; Pine; Smithsonian ForestGEO; Yosemite Forest Dynamics Plot
ID YOSEMITE-NATIONAL-PARK; TREE MORTALITY; BARK BEETLES; ASSOCIATIONAL
   RESISTANCE; PRESCRIBED FIRE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SIERRA-NEVADA; RESIN DUCTS;
   RIM FIRE; FOREST
AB Background Drought, fire, and insects are increasing mortality of pine species throughout the northern temperate zone as climate change progresses. Tree survival may be enhanced by forest diversity, with growth rates often higher in mixed stands, but whether tree defenses are likewise aided remains in question. We tested how forest diversity-productivity patterns relate to growth and defense over three centuries of climate change, competition, wildfire, and bark beetle attack. We used detailed census data from a fully mapped 25.6-ha forest dynamics plot in California, USA to conduct a spatially explicit, dendroecological assessment of large-diameter Pinus lambertiana survival following fire reintroduction. Our structural equation models investigated direct and indirect pathways by which growth, defense, and forest composition together mediated pine resistance and resilience.Results In the historical era of frequent, mixed-severity fire (pre-1900), trees that were ultimately resistant or susceptible to the post-fire bark beetle epidemic all showed similar growth and defenses, as measured by axial resin duct traits. During the era of fire exclusion (1901-2012), however, susceptible trees had slower growth. Following fire re-entry in 2013, both growth and defense declined precipitously for susceptible trees, resulting in fatal bark beetle attack. Spatial analysis showed that monodominant crowding by shade-tolerant competitors contributed to the long-term stress that prevented susceptible trees from recuperating defenses quickly following fire re-entry. For beetle-resistant trees, however, we found positive feedbacks between diversity, growth, and survival: trees in species-rich communities had higher growth rates pre-fire, which promoted a rapid recuperation of defenses following fire that helped trees resist bark beetle attack. Overall, this associational resistance outweighed associational susceptibility (+8.6% vs. -6.4% change in individual tree survival odds), suggesting a relaxation effect that ultimately allowed 58% of large pines to survive.Conclusions Though climate change threatens forest biodiversity, biodiversity is key to forest climate adaptation in return. Our findings demonstrate centennial-scale feedbacks by which forest diversity increases pine resistance and resilience to climate-amplified disturbances. The spatially explicit, dendroecological framework provides new insights into diversity-productivity theory, while also informing climate-adaptive forest management by identifying thresholds of tree density and richness that maximize large pine survival.
   Antecedentes Sequ & iacute;as, incendios, e insectos est & aacute;n incrementando la mortalidad de especies de pino a trav & eacute;s de toda la regi & oacute;n templada del norte de los EEUU, a medida que avanza el Cambio Clim & aacute;tico. La supervivencia de & aacute;rboles puede aumentarse con la diversidad forestal, con productividades muchas veces m & aacute;s altas en rodales mixtos, aunque el c & oacute;mo se promueve la defensa de esos & aacute;rboles permanece a & uacute;n irresuelta. Probamos c & oacute;mo los patrones de productividad y diversidad se relacionan con el crecimiento y la defensa del bosque en tres centurias de Cambio Clim & aacute;tico, competencia, fuegos y ataques del escarabajo de la corteza. Usamos datos de censos detallados de un rodal mapeado completamente, sobre la din & aacute;mica del rodal en una parcela de 25,6 ha en California, EEUU, para conducir un trabajo espacialmente expl & iacute;cito de dendro-ecolog & iacute;a en la sobrevivencia de & aacute;rboles de Pinus lambertiana de gran di & aacute;metro luego de la reintroducci & oacute;n del fuego. Nuestro modelo de ecuaci & oacute;n estructural investig & oacute; los caminos directos e indirectos por los cuales el crecimiento, las defensas, y la composici & oacute;n del bosque todos juntos median la resistencia y resiliencia de los pinos.Resultados En la era hist & oacute;rica de los fuegos de severidad mixta (pre-1900), los & aacute;rboles que eran tanto resistentes como susceptibles al ataque post fuego del escarabajo de la corteza mostraban defensas y crecimiento similares, medidos por los ductos de resina axiales. Durante la era de la exclusi & oacute;n del fuego (1901-2012), sin embargo, los & aacute;rboles susceptibles tuvieron menores crecimientos. Luego de la reintroducci & oacute;n del fuego en 2013, tanto el crecimiento como las defensas declinaron precipitadamente en los & aacute;rboles susceptibles, resultando en ataques fatales del escarabajo de la corteza. Los an & aacute;lisis espaciales revelaron que las copas mono-dominantes de & aacute;rboles competidores tolerantes a la sombra, contribuyeron al estr & eacute;s de largo plazo que les impidi & oacute; a los & aacute;rboles susceptibles de poder recuperar r & aacute;pidamente sus defensas luego de la reintroducci & oacute;n del fuego. Para los & aacute;rboles resistentes al escarabajo de la corteza, encontramos retroalimentaciones positivas entre diversidad, crecimiento y supervivencia: los & aacute;rboles en comunidades ricas en especies tuvieron tasas de crecimiento m & aacute;s altas previo al fuego, lo que promovi & oacute; una r & aacute;pida recuperaci & oacute;n de sus defensas luego de un incendio y ayudaron a esos & aacute;rboles a resistir el ataque del escarabajo de la corteza. Por sobre todo, esta resistencia asociativa super & oacute; a la susceptibilidad asociativa (+ 8,6 vs -6,49% de cambio en la probabilidad de supervivencia individual de & aacute;rboles), lo que sugiere un efecto de relajaci & oacute;n que permiti & oacute; sobrevivir al 58% de los pinos m & aacute;s grandes.Conclusiones Aunque el Cambio Clim & aacute;tico amenaza la diversidad forestal, la biodiversidad es, de manera rec & iacute;proca, un fator clave para la adaptaci & oacute;n clim & aacute;tica de los bosques. Nuestros hallazgos demuestran una retroalimentaci & oacute;n a escala de centuria y por la cual la diversidad forestal aumenta la resistencia y resiliencia de los pinos a los disturbios clim & aacute;ticos amplificados.
   El marco dendro- ecol & oacute;gico espacialmente expl & iacute;cito, provee de nuevas perspectivas en la teor & iacute;a de la diversidad-productividad, mientras que la vez informa sobre el manejo forestal clim & aacute;tico-adaptativo mediante la identificaci & oacute;n de l & iacute;mites en la densidad y riqueza de & aacute;rboles que maximiza la supervivencia de los pinos m & aacute;s grandes.
C1 [Germain, Sara J.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
   [Lutz, James A.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
C3 University of Wyoming; Utah System of Higher Education; Utah State
   University
RP Germain, SJ (corresponding author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
EM sgermain@uwyo.edu
RI Lutz, James/HZL-7641-2023
OI Lutz, James/0000-0002-2560-0710
FU National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program
FX We wish to thank Dr. R. J. DeRose and Dr. A. Kulmatiski for comments on
   the early manuscript, and Dr. T. Furniss and S. Tebbs for field
   assistance. We also thank Yosemite National Park for logistical
   assistance, and the hundreds of field technicians who helped develop the
   stem map and mortality database.
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NR 125
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 4
U2 8
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 1933-9747
J9 FIRE ECOL
JI Fire Ecol.
PD JUN 10
PY 2024
VL 20
IS 1
AR 53
DI 10.1186/s42408-024-00283-x
PG 18
WC Ecology; Forestry
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry
GA TR3T8
UT WOS:001242955100001
OA gold
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Rowland, LJ
   Alkharouf, N
   Darwish, O
   Ogden, EL
   Polashock, JJ
   Bassil, NV
   Main, D
AF Rowland, Lisa J.
   Alkharouf, Nadim
   Darwish, Omar
   Ogden, Elizabeth L.
   Polashock, James J.
   Bassil, Nahla V.
   Main, Dorrie
TI Generation and analysis of blueberry transcriptome sequences from
   leaves, developing fruit, and flower buds from cold acclimation through
   deacclimation
SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID LOW-TEMPERATURE; EST; EXPRESSION; GENES; VACCINIUM; TOLERANCE; MARKERS;
   PROTEIN; TAGS; IDENTIFICATION
AB Background: There has been increased consumption of blueberries in recent years fueled in part because of their many recognized health benefits. Blueberry fruit is very high in anthocyanins, which have been linked to improved night vision, prevention of macular degeneration, anti-cancer activity, and reduced risk of heart disease. Very few genomic resources have been available for blueberry, however. Further development of genomic resources like expressed sequence tags (ESTs), molecular markers, and genetic linkage maps could lead to more rapid genetic improvement. Marker-assisted selection could be used to combine traits for climatic adaptation with fruit and nutritional quality traits.
   Results: Efforts to sequence the transcriptome of the commercial highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) cultivar Bluecrop and use the sequences to identify genes associated with cold acclimation and fruit development and develop SSR markers for mapping studies are presented here. Transcriptome sequences were generated from blueberry fruit at different stages of development, flower buds at different stages of cold acclimation, and leaves by next-generation Roche 454 sequencing. Over 600,000 reads were assembled into approximately 15,000 contigs and 124,000 singletons. The assembled sequences were annotated and functionally mapped to Gene Ontology (GO) terms. Frequency of the most abundant sequences in each of the libraries was compared across all libraries to identify genes that are potentially differentially expressed during cold acclimation and fruit development. Real-time PCR was performed to confirm their differential expression patterns. Overall, 14 out of 17 of the genes examined had differential expression patterns similar to what was predicted from their reads alone. The assembled sequences were also mined for SSRs. From these sequences, 15,886 blueberry EST-SSR loci were identified. Primers were designed from 7,705 of the SSR-containing sequences with adequate flanking sequence. One hundred primer pairs were tested for amplification and polymorphism among parents of two blueberry populations currently being used for genetic linkage map construction. The tetraploid mapping population was based on a cross between the highbush cultivars Draper and Jewel (V. darrowii is also in the background of 'Jewel'). The diploid mapping population was based on a cross between an F-1 hybrid of V. darrowii and diploid V. corymbosum and another diploid V. corymbosum. The overall amplification rate of the SSR primers was 68% and the polymorphism rate was 43%.
   Conclusions: These results indicate that this large collection of 454 ESTs will be a valuable resource for identifying genes that are potentially differentially expressed and play important roles in flower bud development, cold acclimation, chilling unit accumulation, and fruit development in blueberry and related species. In addition, the ESTs have already proved useful for the development of SSR and EST-PCR markers, and are currently being used for construction of genetic linkage maps in blueberry.
C1 [Rowland, Lisa J.; Ogden, Elizabeth L.] USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
   [Alkharouf, Nadim; Darwish, Omar] Towson Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Towson, MD 21252 USA.
   [Polashock, James J.] USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Blueberry & Cranberry Res Ctr, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA.
   [Bassil, Nahla V.] USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
   [Main, Dorrie] Washington State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
C3 United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); University System of
   Maryland; Towson University; United States Department of Agriculture
   (USDA); United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); Washington State
   University
RP Rowland, LJ (corresponding author), USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, BARC W, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
EM Jeannine.Rowland@ars.usda.gov
FU USDA/CSREES Specialty Crop Research Initiative program
   [2008-51180-04861]
FX We would like to acknowledge Jeremy Jones for his technical support in
   evaluating SSR amplification and polymorphism and Brittany McCullough
   for her bioinformatic support. This work was supported by grant
   2008-51180-04861 from the USDA/CSREES Specialty Crop Research Initiative
   program.
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NR 49
TC 104
Z9 126
U1 2
U2 99
PU BMC
PI LONDON
PA CAMPUS, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1471-2229
J9 BMC PLANT BIOL
JI BMC Plant Biol.
PD APR 2
PY 2012
VL 12
AR 46
DI 10.1186/1471-2229-12-46
PG 18
WC Plant Sciences
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Plant Sciences
GA 960XR
UT WOS:000305427000001
PM 22471859
OA gold, Green Published
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Galwab, AM
   Koech, OK
   Wasonga, OV
   Kironchi, G
AF Galwab, Armara Macimilliam
   Koech, Oscar K.
   Wasonga, Oliver V.
   Kironchi, Geoffrey
TI GENDER-DIFFERENTIATED ROLES AND PERCEPTIONS ON CLIMATE VARIABILITY AMONG
   PASTORALIST AND AGRO-PASTORALIST COMMUNITIES IN MARSABIT, KENYA
SO NOMADIC PEOPLES
LA English
DT Article
DE climate variability; pastoralist; gender; spatio-temporal; temperature;
   precipitation
ID ADAPTATION; POLICY
AB Climate variability and its impacts affect different members of gender groups in households and society differently. Within the pastoral community, women are more vulnerable, being among the poorest of the poor, and they are expected to be highly susceptible to climate variability effects. This study assesses gender perceptions of climate variability among pastoral and agro-pastoral communities in Marsabit County, Kenya. Results were triangulated with the use of data-collection techniques, including focused group discussions, individual interviews and field observations. These methods were used to analyse whether there is a difference in factors that determine the community perceptions of climate variability and trends by gender among the Marsabit pastoralist community. In analysing the study's data, descriptive and inferential statistics were employed. The findings indicate that respondents' perceptions of climate variability in the study area varied by gender, marital status and ethnic groups. The study reveals an increased workload of 48% for women and 32% for men resulting from climate impacts on daily household activities. In addition, the study found that 63% of male respondents primarily take on the role of decision-makers for their families, while 38% primarily serve as providers. In addition, 29% of male participants are responsible for providing security and 17% for managing family concerns within the community. In contrast, 33% of the female respondents predominantly fulfil the role of household domestic managers. The analysis further reveals that 90.3% of female and 86.8% of male respondents have noticed a decrease in rain received over time in the past two decades. This was reported to cause a burden on the most vulnerable members of the community, particularly women, by requiring them to travel long distances in search of water for household use. Gender and age affect who can access and control natural resources and household goods. This, in turn, affects the ability of pastoral and agro-pastoral communities to adapt, make a living and do other social and economic activities. The study recommends that, for climate impact adaptation measures to work, the community needs to put strategies that consider the different strengths, weaknesses and vulnerabilities of pastoral women and youth. Enactment and enforcement of gender -proactive policies and legislation that promote gender equity at the county level is highly recommended. The study further recommends using conventional weather forecasting to fill in the gaps left by the Indigenous Technical Knowledge Predictions. As a result, this study suggests that the public should be involved in creating agro-weather and climate advisories to lower vulnerability, boost resilience, boost productivity and ultimately improve the ability to adapt to climate impacts.
C1 [Galwab, Armara Macimilliam; Kironchi, Geoffrey] Univ Nairobi, Dept Land Resources Management & Agr Technol, Nairobi, Kenya.
   [Koech, Oscar K.] Univ Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
   [Wasonga, Oliver V.] Univ Nairobi, Dept Land Resource Management & Agr Technol LARMAT, Nairobi, Kenya.
C3 University of Nairobi; University of Nairobi; University of Nairobi
RP Galwab, AM (corresponding author), Univ Nairobi, Dept Land Resources Management & Agr Technol, Nairobi, Kenya.
EM agalwab@gmail.com; oscarkip@uonbi.ac.ke; oliverwasonga@uonbi.ac.ke;
   geokironchi@uonbi.ac.ke
FU World Bank
FX This research was financed by the World Bank-funded Kenya Climate Smart
   Agriculture Project (KCSAP) .
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NR 56
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU WHITE HORSE PRESS
PI ISLE OF HARRIS
PA 1 STROND, ISLE OF HARRIS HS5 3UD, ENGLAND
SN 0822-7942
EI 1752-2366
J9 NOMAD PEOPLES
JI Nomad. Peoples
PD MAR
PY 2024
VL 28
IS 1
BP 41
EP 71
DI 10.3828/whpnp.63837646691043
PG 31
WC Anthropology
WE Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI)
SC Anthropology
GA UY4D5
UT WOS:001251602800004
OA gold
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Lobell, DB
   Baldos, ULC
   Hertel, TW
AF Lobell, David B.
   Baldos, Uris Lantz C.
   Hertel, Thomas W.
TI Climate adaptation as mitigation: the case of agricultural investments
SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE agriculture; climate mitigation; adaptation
ID PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH; INTENSIFICATION; DEMAND; IMPACT; CARBON; CROP
AB Successful adaptation of agriculture to ongoing climate changes would help to maintain productivity growth and thereby reduce pressure to bring new lands into agriculture. In this paper we investigate the potential co-benefits of adaptation in terms of the avoided emissions from land use change. A model of global agricultural trade and land use, called SIMPLE, is utilized to link adaptation investments, yield growth rates, land conversion rates, and land use emissions. A scenario of global adaptation to offset negative yield impacts of temperature and precipitation changes to 2050, which requires a cumulative 225 billion USD of additional investment, results in 61 Mha less conversion of cropland and 15 Gt carbon dioxide equivalent (CO(2)e) fewer emissions by 2050. Thus our estimates imply an annual mitigation co-benefit of 0 : 35 GtCO(2)e yr(-1) while spending $15 per tonne CO(2)e of avoided emissions. Uncertainty analysis is used to estimate a 5-95% confidence interval around these numbers of 0.25-0.43 Gt and $11-$22 per tonne CO(2)e. A scenario of adaptation focused only on Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America, while less costly in aggregate, results in much smaller mitigation potentials and higher per tonne costs. These results indicate that although investing in the least developed areas may be most desirable for the main objectives of adaptation, it has little net effect on mitigation because production gains are offset by greater rates of land clearing in the benefited regions, which are relatively low yielding and land abundant. Adaptation investments in high yielding, land scarce regions such as Asia and North America are more effective for mitigation.
   To identify data needs, we conduct a sensitivity analysis using the Morris method (Morris 1991 Technometrics 33 161-74). The three most critical parameters for improving estimates of mitigation potential are (in descending order) the emissions factors for converting land to agriculture, the price elasticity of land supply with respect to land rents, and the elasticity of substitution between land and non-land inputs. For assessing the mitigation costs, the elasticity of productivity with respect to investments in research and development is also very important. Overall, this study finds that broad-based efforts to adapt agriculture to climate change have mitigation co-benefits that, even when forced to shoulder the entire expense of adaptation, are inexpensive relative to many activities whose main purpose is mitigation. These results therefore challenge the current approach of most climate financing portfolios, which support adaptation from funds completely separate from-and often much smaller than-mitigation ones.
C1 [Lobell, David B.] Stanford Univ, Dept Environm Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
   [Lobell, David B.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Food Secur & Environm, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
   [Baldos, Uris Lantz C.; Hertel, Thomas W.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agr Econ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
   [Baldos, Uris Lantz C.; Hertel, Thomas W.] Purdue Univ, Ctr Global Trade Anal, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
C3 Stanford University; Stanford University; Purdue University System;
   Purdue University; Purdue University System; Purdue University
RP Lobell, DB (corresponding author), Stanford Univ, Dept Environm Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
EM dlobell@stanford.edu
OI Lobell, David/0000-0002-5969-3476; Baldos, Uris Lantz
   C/0000-0003-3893-0839
FU DOE, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research,
   Integrated Assessment Research Program [DE-SC005171]
FX The authors thank Gerald Nelson for valuable input and two reviewers for
   helpful comments. TWH acknowledges support from the DOE, Office of
   Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Integrated
   Assessment Research Program, Grant No. DE-SC005171.
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NR 46
TC 74
Z9 85
U1 2
U2 92
PU IOP Publishing Ltd
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1748-9326
J9 ENVIRON RES LETT
JI Environ. Res. Lett.
PD JAN-MAR
PY 2013
VL 8
IS 1
AR 015012
DI 10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/015012
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 118BV
UT WOS:000316998300075
OA gold
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Wouters, H
   Petrova, IY
   van Heerwaarden, CC
   de Arellano, JVG
   Teuling, AJ
   Meulenberg, V
   Santanello, JA
   Miralles, DG
AF Wouters, Hendrik
   Petrova, Irina Y.
   van Heerwaarden, Chiel C.
   de Arellano, Jordi Vila-Guerau
   Teuling, Adriaan J.
   Meulenberg, Vicky
   Santanello, Joseph A.
   Miralles, Diego G.
TI Atmospheric boundary layer dynamics from balloon soundings worldwide:
   CLASS4GL v1.0
SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID SURFACE EVAPORATION; COUPLING EXPERIMENT; PART I; LAND;
   PARAMETERIZATION; DROUGHT; FOREST; PARAMETRIZATION; PRECIPITATION;
   TEMPERATURE
AB The coupling between soil, vegetation and atmosphere is thought to be crucial in the development and intensification of weather extremes, especially meteorological droughts, heat waves and severe storms. Therefore, understanding the evolution of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and the role of land-atmosphere feedbacks is necessary for earlier warnings, better climate projection and timely societal adaptation. However, this understanding is hampered by the difficulties of attributing cause-effect relationships from complex coupled models and the irregular space-time distribution of in situ observations of the land-atmosphere system. As such, there is a need for simple deterministic appraisals that systematically discriminate land-atmosphere interactions from observed weather phenomena over large domains and climatological time spans. Here, we present a new interactive data platform to study the behavior of the ABL and land-atmosphere interactions based on worldwide weather balloon soundings and an ABL model. This software tool - referred to as CLASS4GL (http://class4gl.eu, last access: 27 May 2018) - is developed with the objectives of (a) mining appropriate global observational data from similar to 15 million weather balloon soundings since 1981 and combining them with satellite and reanalysis data and (b) constraining and initializing a numerical model of the daytime evolution of the ABL that serves as a tool to interpret these observations mechanistically and deterministically. As a result, it fully automizes extensive global model experiments to assess the effects of land and atmospheric conditions on the ABL evolution as observed in different climate regions around the world. The suitability of the set of observations, model formulations and global parameters employed by CLASS4GL is extensively validated. In most cases, the framework is able to realistically reproduce the observed daytime response of the mixed-layer height, potential temperature and specific humidity from the balloon soundings. In this extensive global validation exercise, a bias of 10.1 mh(-1), -0.036 Kh(-1) and 0.06 g kg(-1) h(-1) is found for the morning-to-afternoon evolution of the mixed-layer height, potential temperature and specific humidity. The virtual tool is in continuous development and aims to foster a better process understanding of the drivers of the ABL evolution and their global distribution, particularly during the onset and amplification of weather extremes. Finally, it can also be used to scrutinize the representation of land-atmosphere feedbacks and ABL dynamics in Earth system models, numerical weather prediction models, atmospheric reanalysis and satellite retrievals, with the ultimate goal of improving local climate projections, providing earlier warning of extreme weather and fostering a more effective development of climate adaptation strategies. The tool can be easily down-loaded via http://class4gl.eu (last access: 27 May 2018) and is open source.
C1 [Wouters, Hendrik; Petrova, Irina Y.; Miralles, Diego G.] Univ Ghent, Lab Hydrol & Water Management, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
   [van Heerwaarden, Chiel C.; de Arellano, Jordi Vila-Guerau; Meulenberg, Vicky] Wageningen Univ & Res, Meteorol & Air Qual Grp, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands.
   [Teuling, Adriaan J.] Wageningen Univ & Res, Hydrol & Quantitat Water Management Grp, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands.
   [Santanello, Joseph A.] NASA, Hydrol Sci Lab 617, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
C3 Ghent University; Wageningen University & Research; Wageningen
   University & Research; National Aeronautics & Space Administration
   (NASA); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
RP Wouters, H (corresponding author), Univ Ghent, Lab Hydrol & Water Management, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
EM hendrik.wouters@ugent.be
RI van Heerwaarden, Chiel/AAN-3040-2020; Petrova, Irina/I-6548-2015;
   Santanello, Joseph/AAC-9642-2021; Miralles, Diego/K-8857-2013; van
   Heerwaarden, Chiel/J-8637-2016; Teuling, Adriaan/D-2318-2014; Vila,
   Jordi/B-4538-2010
OI Miralles, Diego/0000-0001-6186-5751; van Heerwaarden,
   Chiel/0000-0001-7202-3525; Wouters, Hendrik/0000-0002-2936-6407;
   Teuling, Adriaan/0000-0003-4302-2835; Petrova, Dr.
   Irina/0000-0002-9946-3771; Vila, Jordi/0000-0003-0342-9171
FU European Research Council (ERC) [715254, DRY-2-DRY]
FX This research was funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under
   grant agreement no. 715254 (DRY-2-DRY).
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NR 66
TC 16
Z9 23
U1 2
U2 7
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1991-959X
EI 1991-9603
J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV
JI Geosci. Model Dev.
PD MAY 29
PY 2019
VL 12
IS 5
BP 2139
EP 2153
DI 10.5194/gmd-12-2139-2019
PG 15
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Geology
GA IA8EF
UT WOS:000469790100001
OA gold, Green Published
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Heudorf, U
   Kowall, B
   Domann, E
   Steul, K
AF Heudorf, Ursel
   Kowall, Bernd
   Domann, Eugen
   Steul, Katrin
TI Heat-related mortality in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, from 2000 to 2023
SO GMS HYGIENE AND INFECTION CONTROL
LA English
DT Article
DE heat; heat day; heat week; heat warning; heatwave; heat-associated
   mortality
ID HEALTH; HEATWAVES; MODELS; WAVES
AB Background: The major heatwave in Europe in August 2003 resulted in 70,000 excess deaths. In Frankfurt am Main, a city with 767,000 inhabitants in the south-west of Germany, around 200 more people died in August 2003 than expected. Soon afterwards, the city introduced adaptation measures to prevent heat-related health problems and subsequently established further mitigation measures to limit climate change. Frankfurt is rated as being one of the cities in Germany to have implemented the best climate adaptation and mitigation measures. This study addressed the following questions: is there already a downward trend in mortality from heat and can this be attributed to the measures taken? Materials and methods: The age-standardized mortality rate (ASR) was calculated for the months of June to August and for calendar weeks 23 to 34 of the individual years on the basis of population data and deaths of the inhabitants of Frankfurt am Main for the years 2000 to 2023. This was related to the meteorological data from the Frankfurt measuring station of the German National Meteorological Service. For four different heat exposure indicators (heat days, days in heat weeks, days in heatwaves and days with heat warnings), the incidence rate (death cases per 1 million person days) (IR) was calculated for days with and without exposure, and the incidence rate difference and the incidence rate ratio (IRR) were estimated to compare days with vs days without exposure. Results: Over the years, the mean daily temperatures tended to increase, and the standardized mortality rate decreased. An increase in ASR was observed during heatwaves up to 2015, but no longer in the later ones. In the summer of 2003, the incidence rate was 16.0 (95% confidence interval (CI) 12.2-19.9) per 1 million person days greater on heat days than on days not classified as heat days, and the corresponding incidence rate ratio was 1.64 (95% CI 1.48-1.82). Although the weather data for the summers of 2018 and 2022 were comparable with the record-breaking heat summer of 2003, the incidence rate differences (2018: 3.8, 95% CI 0.9-6.7; 2022: 2.3, 95% CI -0.3-4.9) and the IRR (2018: 1.20, 95% CI 1.05-1.37; 2022: 1.12, 95% CI 0.99-1.26) were considerably lower. Similar results were also obtained when comparing mortality in heat weeks and heatwaves as well as on days with heat warnings. Discussion: In summary, our study in Frankfurt am Main not only showed a decrease in heat-related mortality in the population as a whole over the years, but also a decrease in excess mortality during various heat periods (day, week, wave, warning), especially in comparison with the years with very high heat stress and drought (2003, 2018 and 2022). However, whether this development represents success of the intensive prevention measures that have been implemented in the city for years or merely describes a general trend cannot be answered with certainty by the present study. To answer this question, a comparative study should be carried out in various municipalities in the Rhine -Main region with different levels of intensity in dealing with the heat problem.
C1 [Heudorf, Ursel; Domann, Eugen] Justus Liebig Univ, Inst Hyg & Environm Med, Giessen, Germany.
   [Kowall, Bernd] Univ Hosp Essen, Inst Med Informat Biometry & Epidemiol, Essen, Germany.
   [Steul, Katrin] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Univ Med Ctr, Inst Occupat Social & Environm Med, Mainz, Germany.
C3 Justus Liebig University Giessen; University of Duisburg Essen; Johannes
   Gutenberg University of Mainz
RP Heudorf, U (corresponding author), Justus Liebig Univ, Inst Hyg & Environm Med, Giessen, Germany.
EM Ursel.Heudorf@hygiene.med.uni-giessen.de
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NR 34
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 6
U2 7
PU GERMAN MEDICAL SCIENCE-GMS
PI DUESSELDORF
PA UBIERSTRASSE 20, DUESSELDORF, 40223, GERMANY
SN 2196-5226
J9 GMS HYG INFECT CONTR
JI GMD Hyg. Infect. Control
PD APR 30
PY 2024
VL 19
AR Doc22
DI 10.3205/dgkh000477
PG 14
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
WE Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI)
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA QA3S5
UT WOS:001218127000001
PM 38766634
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Coe, R
   Stern, RD
AF Coe, R.
   Stern, R. D.
TI ASSESSING AND ADDRESSING CLIMATE-INDUCED RISK IN SUB-SAHARAN RAINFED
   AGRICULTURE: LESSONS LEARNED
SO EXPERIMENTAL AGRICULTURE
LA English
DT Article
ID FARMING SYSTEMS; VARIABILITY; PERCEPTIONS; DROUGHT
AB A defining characteristic of many rainfed tropical agricultural systems is their vulnerability to weather variability. There is now increased attention paid to climate-agriculture links as the world is focused on climate change. This has shown the need for it understanding of current and future climate and the links to agricultural investment decisions, particularly farmers' decisions, and that integrated strategies for coping with climate change need to start with managing current climate risk. Research, largely from an Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa (ASARECA) project to demonstrate the value of such increased understanding, is presented in this issue of the journal. Key lessons from this research are as follows:
   1. Statistical methods of analysis of historical climate data that are relevant to agriculture need not be complex. The most critical point is to describe the climate in terms of events of direct relevance to farming (such as the date of the start of a rainy season) rather than simple standard measures (such as annual total rainfall).
   2. Analysis requires access to relevant data, tools and expertise. Daily climate data, both current and historical, arc primarily the responsibility of national meteorological services (NMS). Accessing such data, particularly daily data, is not always easy. Including stall from the NMS as research partners, not just data providers, can reduce this problem.
   3. Farmers' perceptions of climate variation, risk and change are complex. They are keenly aware of variability, but there is evidence that they over-estimate risks of negative impacts and thereby Fill to make use of good conditions when they occur. There is also evidence that multiple causes of changes arc confounded, so farmers who observe decreasing crop production may not be distinguishing between rainfall change and declining soil fertility or other conditions. Hence any project working with farmers' coping and adaptation to climate must also have access to analyses of observed climate data (Foal nearby recording stations.
   4. Mechanisms for reducing and coping with risks are exemplified in pastoral systems that exist in the most variable environments. New approaches to risk transfer, such as index-based insurance, show potential for positive impact.
   5. Skilful seasonal forecasts, which give a better indication of the coming season than a simple average, would help farmers take decisions for the coming cropping season. Increasing meteorological knowledge shows that such forecasting is possible for parts of Africa. There are institutional barriers to farmers accessing and using the forecast information. Furthermore, the skill of the forecasts is currently limited so that there are maybe still only a few rational choices for a farmer to make on the basis of a forecast.
   With the justified current: interest in climate and agriculture, all stakeholders including researchers, data providers, policy developers and extension workers will need to work together to ensure that interventions are based on a correct interpretation of a valid analysis of relevant data.
C1 [Coe, R.; Stern, R. D.] Univ Reading, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England.
   [Coe, R.] World Agroforestry Ctr, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
C3 University of Reading; CGIAR; World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
RP Coe, R (corresponding author), Univ Reading, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England.
EM r.coe@cgiar.org
FU African Development Bank through an ASARECA [FC-1-03]
FX We acknowledge the contribution by the African Development Bank who
   partially funded this work through an ASARECA Project (No. FC-1-03)
   'Managing Uncertainty: Innovation Systems for Coping with Climate
   Variability and Change'.
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NR 34
TC 27
Z9 33
U1 0
U2 59
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND
SN 0014-4797
EI 1469-4441
J9 EXP AGR
JI Exp. Agric.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 47
IS 2
SI SI
BP 395
EP 410
DI 10.1017/S001447971100010X
PG 16
WC Agronomy
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Agriculture
GA 753ZH
UT WOS:000289819300011
OA hybrid
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Zubair, M
   Yasin, G
   Qazlbash, SK
   Ul Haq, A
   Jamil, A
   Yaseen, M
   Rahman, SU
   Guo, W
AF Zubair, Muhammad
   Yasin, Ghulam
   Qazlbash, Sehrish Khan
   Ul Haq, Ahsan
   Jamil, Akash
   Yaseen, Muhammad
   Rahman, Shafeeq Ur
   Guo, Wei
TI Carbon Sequestration by Native Tree Species around the Industrial Areas
   of Southern Punjab, Pakistan
SO LAND
LA English
DT Article
DE air pollution; carbon sequestration; indigenous trees; industry
ID ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; CO2 SEQUESTRATION; AIR-POLLUTION; BIOMASS;
   EMISSIONS; FORESTS; SYSTEMS; STORAGE; STOCK
AB Industries have been a major culprit in increasing carbonaceous emissions and major contributors to global warming over the past decades. Factories in the urban periphery tend to warm cities more as compared with rural surroundings. Recently, nature-based solutions have been promoted to provide solutions related to climate adaptations and mitigation issues and challenges. Among these solutions, urban trees have proven to be an effective solution to remove air pollutants and mitigate air pollution specifically caused by carbon emissions. This work was designed to assess the role of tree species in mitigating air emissions of carbon around the vicinity of various industrial sites. For this purpose, three different industrial sites (weaving, brick kiln, and cosmetic) were selected to collect data. Selected industrial sites were divided into two areas, i.e., (a) area inside the industry and (b) area outside the industry. The samples were collected from 100 square meters inside the industries and 100 square meters outside the industries. Five different trees species comprised of four replications were selected for sampling. About twenty trees species from inside and outside of the industries were measured, making it 120 trees from all three selected industries for estimating aboveground and belowground biomass, showing their carbon estimation. The results showed that Moringa oleifera depicted overall higher total biomass from both inside (2.58, 0.56, and 4.57 Mg ha(-1)) and outside sites from all three selected industries. In terms of total carbon stock and carbon sequestration inside the industry sites, Syzygium cumini had the most dominant values in the weaving industry (2.82 and 10.32 Mg ha(-1)) and brick kiln (3.78 and 13.5 Mg ha(-1)), while in the cosmetic industry sites, Eucalyptus camaldulensis depicted higher carbon, stock, and sequestration values (7.83 and 28.70 Mg ha(-1)). In comparison, the sites outside the industries' vicinity depicted overall lower carbon, stock, and sequestration values. The most dominant tree inside came out to be Dalbergia sisso (0.97 and 3.54 Mg ha(-1)) in the weaving industry sites, having higher values of carbon stock and carbon sequestration. Moringa oliefra (1.26 and 4.63) depicted dominant values in brick kiln sites, while in the cosmetic industry, Vachellia nilotica (2.51 and 9.19 Mg ha(-1)) displayed maximum values as compared with other species. The findings regarding belowground biomass and carbon storage indicate that the amount of soil carbon decreased with the increase in depth; higher soil carbon stock values were depicted at a 0-20 cm depth inside and outside the industries. The study concludes that forest tree species present inside and outside the vicinity of various industries have strong potential in mitigating air emissions.
C1 [Zubair, Muhammad; Yasin, Ghulam; Qazlbash, Sehrish Khan; Jamil, Akash] Bahauddin Zakariya Univ, Dept Forestry & Range Management, Multan 66000, Pakistan.
   [Ul Haq, Ahsan] Univ Agr Faisalabad, Fac Agr, Dept Forestry & Range Management, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
   [Yaseen, Muhammad] Hainan Univ, Coll Trop Agr & Forestry, Haikou 570228, Hainan, Peoples R China.
   [Rahman, Shafeeq Ur] Dongguan Univ Technol, Sch Environm & Civil Engn, Dongguan 523808, Peoples R China.
   [Rahman, Shafeeq Ur] Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, MOE Lab Earth Surface Proc, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
   [Guo, Wei] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Farmland Irrigat Res Inst, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, Peoples R China.
C3 Bahauddin Zakariya University; University of Agriculture Faisalabad;
   Hainan University; Dongguan University of Technology; Peking University;
   Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Farmland Irrigation Research
   Institute, CAAS
RP Rahman, SU (corresponding author), Dongguan Univ Technol, Sch Environm & Civil Engn, Dongguan 523808, Peoples R China.; Rahman, SU (corresponding author), Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, MOE Lab Earth Surface Proc, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.; Guo, W (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Farmland Irrigat Res Inst, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, Peoples R China.
EM malikshafeeq1559@gmail.com; guowei1124@163.com
RI Haq, Ahsan/AAZ-3097-2020; Yaseen, Muhammad/B-4349-2012; Zubair,
   Muhammad/ABI-6695-2020; Ur Rahman, Shafeeq/GQG-9782-2022
OI , Ahsan Ul Haq/0000-0002-6047-7092; Jamil, Akash/0000-0003-0198-9327; Ur
   Rahman, Shafeeq/0000-0003-4736-5229
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51709265]
FX The National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51709265).
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NR 52
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 21
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2073-445X
J9 LAND-BASEL
JI Land
PD SEP
PY 2022
VL 11
IS 9
AR 1577
DI 10.3390/land11091577
PG 12
WC Environmental Studies
WE Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 4R6SH
UT WOS:000856890700001
OA gold
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Sohn, SJ
   Tam, CY
AF Sohn, Soo-Jin
   Tam, Chi-Yung
TI Long-lead station-scale prediction of hydrological droughts in South
   Korea based on bivariate pattern-based downscaling
SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Multi-model ensemble (MME); Downscaled MME (DMME); Statistical
   downscaling; Bivariate and pattern-based downscaling; Drought
   prediction; Hydrological drought; Standardized precipitation
   evapotranspiration index (SPEI); Temperature and precipitation
ID SEASONAL PREDICTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; ENSEMBLE
   PREDICTION; PRECIPITATION; WINTER; FORECASTS; RAINFALL; WEATHER; OCEAN
AB Capturing climatic variations in boreal winter to spring (December-May) is essential for properly predicting droughts in South Korea. This study investigates the variability and predictability of the South Korean climate during this extended season, based on observations from 60 station locations and multi-model ensemble (MME) hindcast experiments (1983/1984-2005/2006) archived at the APEC Climate Center (APCC). Multivariate empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis results based on observations show that the first two leading modes of winter-to-spring precipitation and temperature variability, which together account for similar to 80 % of the total variance, are characterized by regional-scale anomalies covering the whole South Korean territory. These modes were also closely related to some of the recurrent large-scale circulation changes in the northern hemisphere during the same season. Consistent with the above, examination of the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) indicates that drought conditions in South Korea tend to be accompanied by regional-to-continental-scale circulation anomalies over East Asia to the western north Pacific. Motivated by the aforementioned findings on the spatial-temporal coherence among station-scale precipitation and temperature anomalies, a new bivariate and pattern-based downscaling method was developed. The novelty of this method is that precipitation and temperature data were first filtered using multivariate EOFs to enhance their spatial-temporal coherence, before being linked to large-scale circulation variables using canonical correlation analysis (CCA). To test its applicability and to investigate its related potential predictability, a perfect empirical model was first constructed with observed datasets as predictors. Next, a model output statistics (MOS)-type hybrid dynamical-statistical model was developed, using products from nine one-tier climate models as inputs. It was found that, with model sea-level pressure (SLP) and 500 hPa geopotential height (Z500) as predictors, statistically downscaled MME (DMME) precipitation and temperature predictions were substantially improved compared to those based on raw MME outputs. Limitations and possible causes of error of such a dynamical-statistical model, in the current framework of dynamical seasonal climate predictions, were also discussed. Finally, the method was used to construct a dynamical-statistical system for 6 month-lead drought predictions for 60 stations in South Korea. DMME was found to give reasonably skillful long-lead forecasts of SPEI for winter to spring. Moreover, DMME-based products clearly outperform the raw MME predictions, especially during extreme wet years. Our results could lead to more reliable climatic extreme predictions for policymakers and stakeholders in the water management sector, and for better mitigation and climate adaptations.
C1 [Sohn, Soo-Jin] APEC Climate Ctr, Climate Predict Team, Climate Res Dept, 12 Centum 7 Ro, Busan 612020, South Korea.
   [Tam, Chi-Yung] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Earth Syst Sci Programme, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese University of Hong Kong
RP Sohn, SJ (corresponding author), APEC Climate Ctr, Climate Predict Team, Climate Res Dept, 12 Centum 7 Ro, Busan 612020, South Korea.
EM jeenie7@apcc21.org
RI Sohn, Soo-Jin/ABF-7392-2020; Tam, Francis/T-7218-2018
OI Tam, Francis/0000-0002-5462-6880; Sohn, Soo-Jin/0000-0002-5513-7069
FU APEC Climate Center
FX The authors appreciate those institutes participating in the APCC
   multi-model ensemble prediction system for providing the 1-Tier hindcast
   experiment data. This research was supported by the APEC Climate Center.
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NR 69
TC 16
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 26
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 0930-7575
EI 1432-0894
J9 CLIM DYNAM
JI Clim. Dyn.
PD MAY
PY 2016
VL 46
IS 9-10
BP 3305
EP 3321
DI 10.1007/s00382-015-2770-3
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DK5OU
UT WOS:000374970200039
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Novick, KA
   Katul, GG
AF Novick, Kimberly A.
   Katul, Gabriel G.
TI The Duality of Reforestation Impacts on Surface and Air Temperature
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID SENSIBLE HEAT-FLUX; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; CARBON SEQUESTRATION;
   CLIMATE; ATMOSPHERE; VEGETATION; MOMENTUM; DEFORESTATION; EXTREMES;
   EXCHANGE
AB Evidence is mounting that temperate-zone reforestation cools surface temperature (T-surf), mitigating deleterious effects of climate warming. While T-surf drives many biophysical processes, air temperature (T-a) is an equally important target for climate mitigation and adaptation. Whether reductions in T-surf translate to reductions in T-a remains complex, fraught by several nonlinear and intertwined processes. In particular, forest canopy structure strongly affects near-surface temperature gradients, complicating cross-site comparison. Here the influence of reforestation on T-a is assessed by targeting temperature metrics that are less sensitive to local canopy effects. Specifically, we consider the aerodynamic temperature (T-aero), estimated using a novel procedure that does not rely on the assumptions of Monin-Obukhov similarity theory, as well as the extrapolated temperature into the surface layer (T-extrap). The approach is tested with flux tower data from a grass field, pine plantation, and mature hardwood stand co-located in the Duke Forest (North Carolina, USA). During growing season daytime periods, T-surf is 4-6 degrees C cooler, and T-aero and near-surface T-extrap are 2-3 degrees C cooler, in the forests relative to the grassland. During the dormant season, daytime differences are smaller but still substantial. At night, differences in T-aero are small, and near-surface T-extrap is warmer over forests than grasslands during the growing season (by 0.5 to 1 degrees C). Finally, the influence of land cover on T-extrap at the interface between the surface and mixed layer is small. Overall, reforestation appears to provide a meaningful opportunity for adaption to warmer daytime T-a in the southeastern United States, especially during the growing season.
   Plain Language Summary Reforestation-the process of reestablishing trees where they once dominated-has long been viewed as a strategy to remove CO2 from the atmosphere. Recently, attention has focused on understanding if reforestation also offers a direct temperature cooling benefit. By using more water (a cooling process) and increasing the transfer of heat energy away from the surface, forests may offer a meaningful opportunity for local climate mitigation and adaptation. Evidence is mounting that indeed, in the temperature and tropical zones, the surface of forests is cooler than grasslands and croplands. However, due to confounding effects of forest canopies on wind and temperature profiles near the surface, it has previously been hard to assess if forests also cool the air. Here we present a new approach that accounts for canopy effects, allowing for a more direct assessment of the potential for reforestation to cool near-surface air temperature. Using a case study from the North Carolina Piedmont, we find that while the air cooling effect of forests is not a large as the surface cooling effect, it is still on the order of 2-3 degrees C during summer daytime periods-times when the need for climate adaptation strategies are
C1 [Novick, Kimberly A.] Indiana Univ, ONeill Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
   [Katul, Gabriel G.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
C3 Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; Duke
   University
RP Novick, KA (corresponding author), Indiana Univ, ONeill Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
EM knovick@indiana.edu
RI Katul, Gabriel/A-7210-2008
OI Katul, Gabriel/0000-0001-9768-3693
FU National Science Foundation (NSF) through NSF-DEB [1552747]; NSF-AGS
   [1644382]; NSF-IOS [1754893]; NASA-ROSES Carboy Cycle Science grant
   [NNX17AE69G]; Directorate For Geosciences; Div Atmospheric & Geospace
   Sciences [1644382] Funding Source: National Science Foundation; Division
   Of Environmental Biology; Direct For Biological Sciences [1552747]
   Funding Source: National Science Foundation; Division Of Integrative
   Organismal Systems; Direct For Biological Sciences [1754893] Funding
   Source: National Science Foundation
FX The authors are grateful to C.-I. Hsieh, M. B. Siqueira, J.-Y. Juang,
   and P. Stoy for their invaluable work to sustain the Duke Forest flux
   tower datasets from 2001 to 2008. K. N. and G. K. acknowledge support
   from the National Science Foundation (NSF) through NSF-DEB (grant
   1552747), NSF-AGS (grant 1644382), NSF-IOS (grant 1754893), and
   NASA-ROSES Carboy Cycle Science grant NNX17AE69G. All data used in this
   study are freely available from the AmeriFlux network
   (https://ameriflux.lbl.gov/: Grass Field dataset (US-DK1):
   https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1246046,
   https://ameriflux.lbl.gov/doi/AmeriFlux/US-Dk1, Hardwood dataset
   (US-DK2): https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1246047,
   https://ameriflux.lbl.gov/doi/AmeriFlux/US-Dk2, and Pine Forest dataset
   (USDK3): https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1246048,
   https://ameriflux.lbl.gov/doi/AmeriFlux/US-Dk3.Supporting MatLab code
   allowing for the determination of Taero, zo,h, and Textrap from the OF
   is available on Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702774).
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NR 53
TC 46
Z9 48
U1 1
U2 34
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-8953
EI 2169-8961
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci.
PD APR
PY 2020
VL 125
IS 4
DI 10.1029/2019JG005543
PG 15
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology
GA LR4IA
UT WOS:000535659000003
OA Bronze
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Wang, SP
   Szeles, B
   Krammer, C
   Schmaltz, E
   Song, KP
   Li, YF
   Zhang, ZQ
   Blöschl, G
   Strauss, P
AF Wang, Shengping
   Szeles, Borbala
   Krammer, Carmen
   Schmaltz, Elmar
   Song, Kepeng
   Li, Yifan
   Zhang, Zhiqiang
   Bloeschl, Gunter
   Strauss, Peter
TI Agricultural intensification vs. climate change: what drives long-term
   changes in sediment load?
SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID LAND-USE CHANGE; SOIL-EROSION; LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT;
   RATING CURVES; RAINFALL INTENSITY; VEGETATION COVER; RUNOFF; IMPACT;
   PRECIPITATION
AB Climate change and agricultural intensification are expected to increase soil erosion and sediment production from arable land in many regions. However, to date, most studies have been based on short-term monitoring and/or modeling, making it difficult to assess their reliability in terms of estimating long-term changes. We present the results of a unique data set consisting of measurements of sediment loads from a 60 ha catchment - the Hydrological Open Air Laboratory (HOAL) - in Petzenkirchen, Austria, which was observed periodically over a time period spanning 72 years. Specifically, we compare Period I (1946-1954) and Period II (2002-2017) by fitting sediment rating curves (SRCs) for the growth and dormant seasons for each of the periods. The results suggest a significant increase in sediment loads from Period I to Period II, with an average of 5.8 +/- 3.8 to 60.0 +/- 140.0 t yr(-1). The sediment flux changed mainly due to a shift in the SRCs, given that the mean daily discharge significantly decreased from 5.0 +/- 14.5 L s-1 for Period I to 3.8 +/- 6.6 L s(-1) for Period II. The slopes of the SRCs for the growing season and the dormant season of Period I were 0.3 and 0.8, respectively, whereas they were 1.6 and 1.7 for Period II, respectively. Climate change, considered in terms of rainfall erosivity, was not responsible for this shift, because erosivity decreased by 30.4 % from the dormant season of Period I to that of Period II, and no significant difference was found between the growing seasons of periods I and II. However, the change in sediment flux can be explained by land use and land cover change (LUCC) and the change in land structure (i.e., the organization of land parcels). Under low- and median-streamflow conditions, the land structure in Period II (i.e., the parcel effect) had no apparent influence on sediment yield. With increasing streamflow, it became more important in controlling sediment yield, as a result of an enhanced sediment connectivity in the landscape, leading to a dominant role under high-flow conditions. The increase in crops that make the landscape prone to erosion and the change in land uses between periods I and II led to an increase in sediment flux, although its relevance was surpassed by the effect of parcel structure change under high-flow conditions. We conclude that LUCC and land structure change should be accounted for when assessing sediment flux changes. Especially under high-flow conditions, land structure change substantially altered sediment fluxes, which is most relevant for long-term sediment loads and land degradation. Therefore, increased attention to improving land structure is needed in climate adaptation and agricultural catchment management.
C1 [Wang, Shengping; Song, Kepeng; Li, Yifan] North China Elect Power Univ, Coll Hydraul & Hydropower Engn, Dept Hydraul & Hydropower Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Shengping; Krammer, Carmen; Schmaltz, Elmar; Strauss, Peter] Fed Agcy Water Management, Inst Land & Water Management Res, Petzenkirchen, Austria.
   [Wang, Shengping; Szeles, Borbala; Bloeschl, Gunter] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Hydraul Engn & Water Resources Management, Vienna, Austria.
   [Szeles, Borbala; Bloeschl, Gunter] Vienna Univ Technol, Ctr Water Resource Syst, Vienna, Austria.
   [Zhang, Zhiqiang] Beijing Forestry Univ, Coll Soil & Water Conservat, Beijing, Peoples R China.
C3 North China Electric Power University; Technische Universitat Wien;
   Technische Universitat Wien; Beijing Forestry University
RP Wang, SP (corresponding author), North China Elect Power Univ, Coll Hydraul & Hydropower Engn, Dept Hydraul & Hydropower Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China.; Wang, SP (corresponding author), Fed Agcy Water Management, Inst Land & Water Management Res, Petzenkirchen, Austria.; Wang, SP (corresponding author), Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Hydraul Engn & Water Resources Management, Vienna, Austria.
EM shengping_wang@ncepu.edu.cn
RI Szeles, Borbala/AAS-7758-2021; Strauss, Peter/AAP-4084-2020; Strauss,
   Peter/I-2983-2015
OI Wang, Shengping/0000-0003-3074-1742; Strauss, Peter/0000-0002-8693-9304;
   Szeles, Borbala/0000-0002-2006-5042
FU European Community [773993]; Austrian Science Funds (FWF) [W1219-N28];
   TU Wien Risk network
FX This work has been supported by the SHui (Soil Hydrology research
   platform underpinning innovation to manage water scarcity in European
   and Chinese cropping systems) project within the Horizon 2020 Research
   and Innovation action of the European Community (project no. 773993),
   the Austrian Science Funds (FWF; project no. W1219-N28), and the TU Wien
   Risk network.
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NR 86
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 3
U2 20
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1027-5606
EI 1607-7938
J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC
JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.
PD JUN 17
PY 2022
VL 26
IS 12
BP 3021
EP 3036
DI 10.5194/hess-26-3021-2022
PG 16
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Geology; Water Resources
GA 2E4EY
UT WOS:000812182300001
OA gold, Green Submitted
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Hämälä, T
   Gorton, AJ
   Moeller, DA
   Tiffin, P
AF Hamala, Tuomas
   Gorton, Amanda J.
   Moeller, David A.
   Tiffin, Peter
TI Pleiotropy facilitates local adaptation to distant optima in common
   ragweed (<i>Ambrosia artemisiifolia</i>)
SO PLOS GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
ID GENOTYPE-PHENOTYPE MAP; EVOLUTIONARY RATE; FLOWERING TIME; GENETIC
   DIFFERENTIATION; POPULATION-GENETICS; POSITIVE SELECTION; ADAPTIVE
   EVOLUTION; GENOME SCANS; GENERATION; TRAITS
AB Pleiotropy, the control of multiple phenotypes by a single locus, is expected to slow the rate of adaptation by increasing the chance that beneficial alleles also have deleterious effects. However, a prediction arising from classical theory of quantitative trait evolution states that pleiotropic alleles may have a selective advantage when phenotypes are distant from their selective optima. We examine the role of pleiotropy in regulating adaptive differentiation among populations of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia); a species that has recently expanded its North American range due to human-mediated habitat change. We employ a phenotype-free approach by using connectivity in gene networks as a proxy for pleiotropy. First, we identify loci bearing footprints of local adaptation, and then use genotype-expression mapping and co-expression networks to infer the connectivity of the genes. Our results indicate that the putatively adaptive loci are highly pleiotropic, as they are more likely than expected to affect the expression of other genes, and they reside in central positions within the gene networks. We propose that the conditionally advantageous alleles at these loci avoid the cost of pleiotropy by having large phenotypic effects that are beneficial when populations are far from their selective optima. We further use evolutionary simulations to show that these patterns are in agreement with a model where populations face novel selective pressures, as expected during a range expansion. Overall, our results suggest that highly connected genes may be targets of positive selection during environmental change, even though they likely experience strong purifying selection in stable selective environments.
   Author summary
   Theoretical studies examining the genetic basis of adaptation often predict that loci controlling multiple traits are under strong negative selection, because they have an increased chance of deleterious effects. However, such loci also tend to have large effects on phenotypes, which might be beneficial when populations are adapting to new environments. We test this hypothesis by using a widely-distributed annual plant, common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), as our study species. Climate change after the last ice-age and the spread of agriculture has led ragweed to expand its North American range, exposing populations to novel environment stressors. We use genetic variants and gene expression data to infer how likely are loci involved in climate adaptation to control multiple traits. Our results show that loci bearing signatures of local adaptation are situated in central positions within gene networks, from where they affect the expression of many other genes. This high connectivity likely means that these adaptive loci also affect multiple phenotypes. We therefore present an empirical case where adaptation to new environments has resulted in loci controlling multiple phenotypes to be subject to positive selection, even though the same loci would likely be under negative selection in stable environments.
C1 [Hamala, Tuomas; Moeller, David A.; Tiffin, Peter] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
   [Gorton, Amanda J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
C3 University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities;
   University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities
RP Hämälä, T; Tiffin, P (corresponding author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
EM thamala@umn.edu; ptiffin@umn.edu
OI Tiffin, Peter/0000-0003-1975-610X; Hamala, Tuomas/0000-0001-8306-3397;
   Gorton, Amanda/0000-0002-4101-2257
FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [IOS-1546863, DEB-1754026]; Carol H.
   and Wayne Pletcher Fellowship; Ray C. Anderson Zoology and Genetics
   Fellowship; Alexander and Lydia Anderson Grant; Frank McKinney
   Fellowship (Bell Natural History Museum); EEB Graduate Program Research
   Grant
FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) grants
   IOS-1546863 to PT and DEB-1754026 to DAM, as well as by the following
   research fellowships awarded to AJG: Carol H. and Wayne Pletcher
   Fellowship, Ray C. Anderson Zoology and Genetics Fellowship, Alexander
   and Lydia Anderson Grant, Frank McKinney Fellowship (Bell Natural
   History Museum), and the EEB Graduate Program Research Grant. Any
   opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this
   material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the
   views of the NSF. The funders had no role in study design, data
   collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the
   manuscript.
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NR 115
TC 27
Z9 30
U1 1
U2 29
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1553-7404
J9 PLOS GENET
JI PLoS Genet.
PD MAR
PY 2020
VL 16
IS 3
AR e1008707
DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008707
PG 23
WC Genetics & Heredity
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA LB6QL
UT WOS:000524758200035
PM 32210431
OA Green Submitted, gold, Green Published
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Hwang, YW
   Hsu, YH
   Chen, YM
AF Hwang, Ya-Wen
   Hsu, Yung-Heng
   Chen, Yung-Ming
TI Impact of flowering temperature on litchi yield under climate change: A
   case study in Taiwan
SO CLIMATE SERVICES
LA English
DT Article
DE Climate change; Litchi yield; Flowering temperature
ID INDUCTION
AB Litchi is a subtropical fruit tree that undergoes flower bud differentiation under low -temperature conditions. However, climate change has affected litchi production in Taiwan, causing litchi farmers to experience economic losses. This study explored the influence of flowering temperature on litchi yield under climate change in Taiwan by analyzing litchi production data from 2001 to 2020 and observation data from meteorological stations in litchi -producing areas. Historical observed data were used to construct several regression models relating temperature to yield, with the performance of the models used to determine critical temperature thresholds for litchi flower bud differentiation. Analytical climate data (CMIP5) were used to project yield changes in Taiwan 's litchiproducing regions under anticipated low -temperature conditions for the mid- (2036 -2065) and late(2071 -2100) 21st century. The variable that exhibited the highest correlation with yield changes was the number of days with an average flowering temperature below 16 degrees C. The production yield, in terms of yield variation per hectare, is expected to decrease by 12 % to 35 % by the end of the 21st century (2071 -2100). Given the projected decline in the number of cooler days due to climate change, existing litchi cultivars may become unsuitable for cultivation in production areas in southern Taiwan. Practical Implications: Some fruit trees require a period of low temperature before their flowering stage. Climate change is expected to cause warming of winter temperatures in Taiwan, which is likely to lead to reduced litchi flowering. The current study assessed the potential effects of climate change on litchi flowering in the future. Historical observed data were used to establish models, and critical temperature thresholds for litchi flowering were determined on the basis of model performance. Days with average temperatures below 16 degrees C exhibited the highest correlation with litchi yield among the tested thresholds. According to our results, farmers can use this 16 degrees C threshold to evaluate the potential effects of future climate change at their current farm locations and to identify other areas with similar or more favorable conditions for litchi cultivation. For agricultural researchers, this temperature threshold could provide a target for new litchi variety breeding and a reference basis for research on optimal cultivation methods. Notably, because climate change projection data have a high degree of uncertainty, the results of this study may differ from those of studies using different databases. In this study, we used an ensemble of CMIP5 projections incorporating data from models from various research centers around the world, which can provide more robust results based on an ensemble mean than those obtainable from a single model or a few models. In addition, rainfall is a crucial factor during the flowering growth stage. Future studies should consider the effects of rainfall and temperature on yield and should consider using a model with yield being considered a function of both of these variables to improve model accuracy. To conclude, the present study provides researchers, policymakers, and other stakeholders with insights into the primary effects of climate change on litchi production. It also lays the groundwork for future climate adaptation strategies in Taiwan 's litchi industry.
C1 [Hwang, Ya-Wen; Hsu, Yung-Heng; Chen, Yung-Ming] Natl Sci & Technol Ctr Disaster Reduct, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
C3 National Science & Technology Center for Disaster Reduction (NCDR)
RP Hsu, YH (corresponding author), Natl Sci & Technol Ctr Disaster Reduct, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
EM hsu.yh@ncdr.nat.gov.tw
RI Hsu, Yung-Heng/AAE-4418-2022
FU Ministry of Agriculture, Taiwan, R.O.C. [110AS-13.4.1-ST-a3]
FX This research was supported by the Ministry of Agriculture, Taiwan,
   R.O.C., grant number 110AS-13.4.1-ST-a3. We would like to express our
   appreciation for the technical support provided by the TCCIP project in
   this study.
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NR 20
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 9
U2 10
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 2405-8807
J9 CLIM SERV
JI Clim. Serv.
PD APR
PY 2024
VL 34
AR 100483
DI 10.1016/j.cliser.2024.100483
EA MAY 2024
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric
   Sciences
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA TB0W6
UT WOS:001238689800003
OA gold
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Sanderson, EW
   Segan, DB
   Watson, JEM
AF Sanderson, Eric W.
   Segan, Daniel B.
   Watson, James E. M.
TI Global status of and prospects for protection of terrestrial geophysical
   diversity
SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE climate adaptation; conservation planning; geodiversity; soil type;
   spatial assessment; topography; adaptacion al cambio climatico;
   evaluacion espacial; geodiversidad; planeacion de la conservacion; tipo
   de suelo; topografia
ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAND FACETS; PLAN
AB Conservation of representative facets of geophysical diversity may help conserve biological diversity as the climate changes. We conducted a global classification of terrestrial geophysical diversity and analyzed how land protection varies across geophysical diversity types. Geophysical diversity was classified in terms of soil type, elevation, and biogeographic realm and then compared to the global distribution of protected areas in 2012. We found that 300 (45%) of 672 broad geophysical diversity types currently meet the Convention on Biological Diversity's Aichi Target 11 of 17% terrestrial areal protection, which suggested that efforts to implement geophysical diversity conservation have a substantive basis on which to build. However, current protected areas were heavily biased toward high elevation and low fertility soils. We assessed 3 scenarios of protected area expansion and found that protection focused on threatened species, if fully implemented, would also protect an additional 29% of geophysical diversity types, ecoregional-focused protection would protect an additional 24%, and a combined scenario would protect an additional 42%. Future efforts need to specifically target low-elevation sites with productive soils for protection and manage for connectivity among geophysical diversity types. These efforts may be hampered by the sheer number of geophysical diversity facets that the world contains, which makes clear target setting and prioritization an important next step.
   Condicion Mundial y Perspectivas para la Proteccion de la Diversidad Geofisica Terrestre La conservacion de las facetas representativas de la diversidad geofisica puede ayudar a conservar la diversidad biologica conforme cambia el clima. Llevamos a cabo una clasificacion mundial de la diversidad geofisica terrestre y analizamos la variacion de la proteccion del suelo a lo largo de los tipos de diversidad geofisica. La diversidad geofisica se clasifico en terminos de tipo de suelo, elevacion y reino biogeografico y despues se comparo con la distribucion global de las areas protegidas en 2012. Encontramos que 300 (45%) de los 627 tipos generales de diversidad geofisica actualmente cumplen con el Objetivo Aichi 11 de la Convencion sobre la Diversidad Biologica de 17% de proteccion de area terrestre, lo que sugiere que los esfuerzos por implementar la conservacion de la diversidad geofisica tienen una base sustancial sobre la cual fundamentarse. Sin embargo, las areas protegidas actuales fueron fuertemente parciales hacia los suelos de alta elevacion y baja fertilidad. Evaluamos tres escenarios de la expansion de areas protegidas y encontramos que la proteccion enfocada en especies amenazadas, si se implementa de lleno, tambien protegeria a un 29% adicional de tipos de diversidad geofisica; la proteccion enfocada en eco-regiones protegeria a un 24% adicional, y un escenario combinado protegeria a un 42% adicional. Los esfuerzos futuros necesitan enfocarse especificamente en sitios de poca elevacion con suelos productivos para la proteccion y manejarse para la conectividad entre los tipos de diversidad geofisica. Estos esfuerzos pueden dificultarse simplemente por el numero de facetas de diversidad geofisica que existen en el mundo, lo cual hace que el establecimiento claro de objetivos y la priorizacion sean un siguiente paso importante.
   Resumen
C1 [Sanderson, Eric W.; Segan, Daniel B.; Watson, James E. M.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Global Conservat Programs, Bronx, NY 10460 USA.
   [Segan, Daniel B.; Watson, James E. M.] Univ Queensland, Sch Geog Planning & Environm Management, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia.
C3 Wildlife Conservation Society; University of Queensland
RP Sanderson, EW (corresponding author), Wildlife Conservat Soc, Global Conservat Programs, Bronx, NY 10460 USA.
EM esanderson@wcs.org
RI Sanderson, Eric/O-1664-2019; Watson, James/D-8779-2013
OI Segan, Dan/0000-0002-4058-566X; Watson, James/0000-0003-4942-1984;
   SANDERSON, ERIC W./0000-0002-7477-0193
FU Doris Duke Charitable Foundation
FX We thank P. Beier, M. Anderson, and M. Hunter for presenting a
   compelling case for geophysical diversity conservation and for comments
   on an earlier draft. We also thank K. Fisher for providing technical
   advice, M. Giampieri for helping with the figures, and 3 anonymous
   reviewers and M. Burgmann for their helpful comments. We appreciate
   support from the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation for sponsoring a
   workshop about geophysical diversity during the 2014 International
   Congress for Conservation Biology.
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PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
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JI Conserv. Biol.
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BP 649
EP 656
DI 10.1111/cobi.12502
PG 8
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA CI1CD
UT WOS:000354477300006
PM 25923989
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU You, YJ
   Ting, MF
AF You, Yujia
   Ting, Mingfang
TI Observed Trends in the South Asian Monsoon Low-Pressure Systems and
   Rainfall Extremes Since the Late 1970s
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SUMMER MONSOON; TROPICAL CYCLONES; SYNOPTIC ACTIVITY; INCREASING TREND;
   FEATURE TRACKING; PRECIPITATION; EVENTS; DEPRESSIONS; MECHANISMS;
   PATTERNS
AB The core Indian monsoon region receives more than half of the rainfall extremes from low-pressure systems (LPSs), which typically form over the Bay of Bengal and propagate upstream against the time-mean low-level westerlies. Yet, the relationship between the trends of LPSs and rainfall extremes remains uncertain. Using two tracking algorithms and reanalyses-derived LPSs, we find that LPS activity and extreme rainfall exhibit coherent trends during the post-1979 satellite era. Over time, the LPSs propagate preferentially into south-central India rather than north-central India, imparting a corresponding dipole footprint in rainfall extremes. Consistent with existing theories that the diabatic heating is instrumental in shifting the LPSs west-southwestward, the LPSs traveling through south-central India have stronger updrafts on their west-southwestern flank than those passing through north-central India. The increased frequency of LPSs propagating into south-central India is likely due to a strengthened cross-equatorial moisture transport, which favors stronger storm ascents.
   Plain Language Summary The South Asian synoptic-scale low-pressure systems (LPSs), which typically form over the Bay of Bengal and propagate upstream against the time-mean low-level westerlies, produce more than half of the summer rainfall extremes over the densely populated central India. Given the vulnerability of societies in this region to rainfall extremes, investigating the connection between LPSs and extreme rainfall regarding their long-term trends has important implications for climate adaptation. Using two different tracking algorithms and reanalyses-derived LPS tracks, we find that the trends of extreme rainfall and LPS activity exhibit a strong coherence during the post-1979 satellite era. Specifically, the LPSs prefer to propagate into south-central India than north-central India over time, imparting a corresponding dipole footprint in rainfall extremes. In agreement with previous studies that the LPS propagation is a combined effect of the northwestward-propagating component due to horizontal nonlinear adiabatic advection and the southwestward-propagating component due to diabatic heating, we notice that the LPSs migrating through the south-central India have stronger updrafts on their west-southwestern flank compared to those passing through north-central India. Our results indicate that the increasing number of LPSs propagating into south-central India is likely due to a strengthened cross-equatorial moisture transport, which provides a wetter environment and favors stronger storm ascents.
   Key Points
   An extreme rainfall dipole with positive trends over south-central India and negative trends over north-central India is observed since 1979
   The extreme rainfall dipole aligns with the trends in the number of Indian monsoon low-pressure systems passing through the two regions
   The changing LPS translation is likely associated with a wetter environment owing to a strengthened cross-equatorial moisture transport
C1 [You, Yujia; Ting, Mingfang] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.
   [You, Yujia] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY 10027 USA.
C3 Columbia University; Columbia University
RP You, YJ (corresponding author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.; You, YJ (corresponding author), Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY 10027 USA.
EM yujia@ldeo.columbia.edu
RI You, Yujia/HLP-4215-2023
OI Ting, Mingfang/0000-0002-4302-4614
FU National Science Foundation [AGS16-07348]; National Aeronautics and
   Space Administration (NASA) under the Future Investigators in NASA Earth
   and Space Science and Technology (FINESST) program [19-EARTH20-0243]
FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation grant
   AGS16-07348. Y. You. was supported by National Aeronautics and Space
   Administration (NASA) under the Future Investigators in NASA Earth and
   Space Science and Technology (FINESST) program-grant 19-EARTH20-0243.
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NR 51
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 1
U2 12
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD MAY 16
PY 2021
VL 48
IS 9
AR e2021GL092378
DI 10.1029/2021GL092378
PG 10
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Geology
GA TM4MB
UT WOS:000675524000017
OA Green Published
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Rohat, G
   Flacke, J
   Dosio, A
   Dao, H
   van Maarseveen, M
AF Rohat, Guillaume
   Flacke, Johannes
   Dosio, Alessandro
   Dao, Hy
   van Maarseveen, Martin
TI Projections of Human Exposure to Dangerous Heat in African Cities Under
   Multiple Socioeconomic and Climate Scenarios
SO EARTHS FUTURE
LA English
DT Article
ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; URBAN EXPANSION; POPULATION EXPOSURE; TEMPERATURE;
   VULNERABILITY; ADAPTATION; MORTALITY; COUNTRIES; STRESS; WAVES
AB Human exposure to dangerous heat, driven by climatic and demographic changes, is increasing worldwide. Being located in hot regions and showing high rates of urban population growth, African cities appear particularly likely to face significantly increased exposure to dangerous heat in the coming decades. We combined projections of urban population under five socioeconomic scenarios-shared socioeconomic pathways-with projections of apparent temperature under three representative concentration pathways in order to explore future exposure to dangerous heat across 173 large African cities. Employing multiple shared socioeconomic pathway and representative concentration pathway combinations, we demonstrated that the aggregate exposure in African cities will increase by a multiple of 20-52, reaching 86-217 billion person-days per year by the 2090s, depending on the scenario. The most exposed cities are located in Western and Central Africa, although several Eastern African cities showed an increase of more than 2,000 times the current level by the 2090s, due to the emergence of dangerous heat conditions combined with steady urban population growth. In most cases, we found future exposure to be predominantly driven by changes in population alone or by concurrent changes in climate and population, with the influence of changes in climate alone being minimal. We also demonstrated that shifting from a high to a low urban population growth pathway leads to a slightly greater reduction in aggregate exposure than shifting from a high to a low emissions pathway (51% vs. 48%). This emphasizes the critical role that socioeconomic development plays in shaping heat-related health challenges in African cities.
   Plain Language Summary Very hot and humid weather often leads to numerous health issues, ranging from heat cramps to death. Due to changing climatic conditions and to demographic growth, the number of people exposed to very hot and humid days is increasing worldwide. This is particularly the case across the African continent, where population growth is rapidly increasing and very hot and humid days are becoming more and more frequent, particularly in tropical areas. In this study, we consider more than 150 large African cities across 43 countries and project the number of people that will be exposed to dangerous heat conditions. Our projections suggest that this number will be 20 to 52 times higher at the end of the 21st century than currently. Large cities in Western and Central Africa appear to be particularly at risk, whereas cities in Southern Africa will remain relatively unscathed. We also show that a restrained urban demographic growth could lead to a 50% reduction in the number of people exposed to dangerous heat conditions. Population and urbanization policies should be part of the wide range of urban climate adaptation options in order to minimize future exposure to extreme heat.
C1 [Rohat, Guillaume; Dao, Hy] Univ Geneva, Inst Environm Sci, Geneva, Switzerland.
   [Rohat, Guillaume; Flacke, Johannes; van Maarseveen, Martin] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat, Enschede, Netherlands.
   [Rohat, Guillaume] NCAR, Boulder, CO USA.
   [Dosio, Alessandro] European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy.
   [Dao, Hy] United Nations Environm Programme DEWA GRID, Geneva, Switzerland.
C3 University of Geneva; University of Twente; National Center Atmospheric
   Research (NCAR) - USA; European Commission Joint Research Centre; EC JRC
   ISPRA Site
RP Rohat, G (corresponding author), Univ Geneva, Inst Environm Sci, Geneva, Switzerland.; Rohat, G (corresponding author), Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat, Enschede, Netherlands.; Rohat, G (corresponding author), NCAR, Boulder, CO USA.
EM guillaume.rohat@unige.ch
RI Dosio, Alessandro/U-9093-2017; Dao, Hy/AAM-3366-2021; Flacke,
   Johannes/C-9941-2013
OI Dosio, Alessandro/0000-0002-6365-9473; Flacke,
   Johannes/0000-0001-8906-7719; Dao, Hy/0000-0002-0779-8110; Rohat,
   Guillaume/0000-0001-6156-2195
FU State Secretariat for Education, Research, and Innovation (SERI,
   Switzerland); Swiss National Science Foundation's Doc. Mobility
   scholarship
FX This work was partly supported by the State Secretariat for Education,
   Research, and Innovation (SERI, Switzerland) within the framework of its
   program "Cotutelles de these" and by the Swiss National Science
   Foundation's Doc. Mobility scholarship. The authors declare no known
   conflict of interest and wish to thank Juliet Wilson for proofreading
   services as well as the three anonymous reviewers for their comments
   that helped improve the paper. The ERA-I climate reanalysis data were
   retrieved from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts
   (https://www.ecmwf.int/), and the CORDEX-Africa climatic data were
   obtained from the Earth System Grid Federation data node at the National
   Supercomputer Centre, Linkoping, Sweden
   (https://esg-dn1.nsc.liu.se/projects/esgf-liu/). The authors acknowledge
   the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Regional
   Climate, and the Working Group on Coupled Modelling, former coordinating
   body of CORDEX and responsible panel for CMIP5, and all the modeling
   groups that produced and made available their model output. The
   population and urbanization data used in this research are available
   from their respective sources and the data produced within this study
   are available in Data Set S1.
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NR 72
TC 80
Z9 83
U1 4
U2 35
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
EI 2328-4277
J9 EARTHS FUTURE
JI Earth Future
PD MAY
PY 2019
VL 7
IS 5
BP 528
EP 546
DI 10.1029/2018EF001020
PG 19
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
   Atmospheric Sciences
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
   Sciences
GA IC0NQ
UT WOS:000470657400003
OA Green Published, gold
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT C
AU Warrick, RA
AF Warrick, R. A.
BE Anderssen, RS
   Braddock, RD
   Newham, LTH
TI Using SimCLIM for modelling the impacts of climate extremes in a
   changing climate: a preliminary case study of household water harvesting
   in Southeast Queensland
SO 18TH WORLD IMACS CONGRESS AND MODSIM09 INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON
   MODELLING AND SIMULATION: INTERFACING MODELLING AND SIMULATION WITH
   MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Combined IMACS World Congress/Modelling and Simulation
   Society-of-Australia-and-New-Zealand (MSSANZ)/18th Biennial Conference
   on Modelling and Simulation
CY JUL 13-17, 2009
CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA
SP IMACS, MSSANZ, CSIRO, Australian Math Sci Inst, Griffith Univ, eWater Cooperat Res Ctr, Dept Sustainabil & Environm, HEMA Consulting, Hellenic European Res Comp Math & Applicat, Int Council Ind Appl Math, Int Soc Grid Generat, Int Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Japan Soc Simulat Technol, Pacific Rim Math Assoc, Rutgers, State Univ New Jersey
DE Climate change; climate impacts; integrated modelling; SimCLIM; water
   harvesting
AB The aim of this paper is to present and demonstrate features of the integrated SimCLIM modelling system for assessing impacts and risks of climatic extremes in a changing climate. Features of the model that can be used for risk-based analyses are first described briefly, and are then illustrated by an analysis of the risk of rainfall variability and extremes on household water tank systems.
   SimCLIM is an "open-framework" software modelling system that can be customised and maintained by users for the purpose of examining the impacts and adaptations to climate variability and change, including extreme climatic events. SimCLIM contains tools for both spatial and site time-series analyses. The core features of SimCLIM that are directly relevant to risk-based climate impact assessments are its scenario generator and its extreme event analyser. In SimCLIM, the two are linked, so that estimates of the return periods for extreme events (e. g. heavy daily rainfall events) can be assessed under both current climate and under scenarios of climate change.
   Time-series data perturbed by the scenario generator within SimCLIM are used to drive various impact models. In this way, the data are "processed" and the extreme events become manifested as outputs of those models. Using a water tank model "plugged-in" to SimCLIM, a preliminary case study was conducted of the effects of low rainfall conditions on household water tank systems in an area of Southeast Queensland and northern NSW centred on Brisbane. With the simplifying assumption that the storage tank is the sole source of water, the risks - expressed in terms of the number of occurrences of an empty tank and the longest period without water - were assessed under both present climate variability and future scenario of climate change for 2050 based on an ensemble of eight GCM patterns. The model was run for 30 years of daily rainfall data for 37 stations and the results were spatially interpolated to produce risk maps.
   It was found that the risks vary greatly over the region, with a steep east-west risk gradient quickly transitioning from a large area of low risk to a large area of extreme risk. The simulation under a scenario of climate change, which produced drier conditions in the region by 2050, resulted in an eastward shift of the relatively narrow risk transition zone, with incursion of higher risk toward the more heavily populated coastal areas.
   This preliminary study suggests that the spatial differences in the risk of tank system failure due to drought occurrences are so large that drastically different designs could be warranted over rather short distances. Simulation models that systemically assess the effects of climate variability and change could provide a basis for informing decisions regarding: (1) the advisability of tank systems for a given location as compared to other sources; (2) the system components that could be adjusted to reduce risks of failure; and (3) the degree of risk that would be acceptable to homeowners. As shown here, integrated modelling systems like SimCLIM can contribute to such assessments.
C1 Univ Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Qld, Australia.
C3 University of the Sunshine Coast
RP Warrick, RA (corresponding author), Univ Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Qld, Australia.
EM rwarrick@usc.edu.au
CR [Anonymous], MAGICC SCENGEN 4 1 T
   [Anonymous], 2001, The effects of climate change and variation in New Zealand
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   *CSIRO, 2004, OZCLIM HOM
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NR 12
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 5
PU UNIV WESTERN AUSTRALIA
PI NEDLANDS
PA NEDLANDS, WA, AUSTRALIA
BN 978-0-9758400-7-8
PY 2009
BP 2583
EP 2589
PG 7
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Operations Research &
   Management Science; Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary
   Applications
WE Conference Proceedings Citation Index - Science (CPCI-S)
SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics
GA BUQ27
UT WOS:000290045002097
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Erickson, PA
   Weller, CA
   Song, DY
   Bangerter, AS
   Schmidt, P
   Bergland, AO
AF Erickson, Priscilla A.
   Weller, Cory A.
   Song, Daniel Y.
   Bangerter, Alyssa S.
   Schmidt, Paul
   Bergland, Alan O.
TI Unique genetic signatures of local adaptation over space and time for
   diapause, an ecologically relevant complex trait, in <i>Drosophila
   melanogaster</i>
SO PLOS GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
ID LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; REPRODUCTIVE DIAPAUSE; PHOTOPERIODIC DIAPAUSE;
   LATITUDINAL VARIATION; CLIMATIC ADAPTATION; NATURAL-SELECTION;
   JUVENILE-HORMONE; OVARIAN DORMANCY; REFERENCE PANEL; GENOMIC BASIS
AB Organisms living in seasonally variable environments utilize cues such as light and temperature to induce plastic responses, enabling them to exploit favorable seasons and avoid unfavorable ones. Local adapation can result in variation in seasonal responses, but the genetic basis and evolutionary history of this variation remains elusive. Many insects, including Drosophila melanogaster, are able to undergo an arrest of reproductive development (diapause) in response to unfavorable conditions. In D. melanogaster, the ability to diapause is more common in high latitude populations, where flies endure harsher winters, and in the spring, reflecting differential survivorship of overwintering populations. Using a novel hybrid swarm-based genome wide association study, we examined the genetic basis and evolutionary history of ovarian diapause. We exposed outbred females to different temperatures and day lengths, characterized ovarian development for over 2800 flies, and reconstructed their complete, phased genomes. We found that diapause, scored at two different developmental cutoffs, has modest heritability, and we identified hundreds of SNPs associated with each of the two phenotypes. Alleles associated with one of the diapause phenotypes tend to be more common at higher latitudes, but these alleles do not show predictable seasonal variation. The collective signal of many small-effect, clinally varying SNPs can plausibly explain latitudinal variation in diapause seen in North America. Alleles associated with diapause are segregating in Zambia, suggesting that variation in diapause relies on ancestral polymorphisms, and both pro- and anti-diapause alleles have experienced selection in North America. Finally, we utilized outdoor mesocosms to track diapause under natural conditions. We found that hybrid swarms reared outdoors evolved increased propensity for diapause in late fall, whereas indoor control populations experienced no such change. Our results indicate that diapause is a complex, quantitative trait with different evolutionary patterns across time and space.
   Author summary
   Animals exhibit diverse strategies to cope with unfavorable conditions in temperate, seasonally varying environments. The model fly, Drosophila melanogaster, can enter a physiological state known as diapause under winter-like conditions. Diapause is characterized by an absence of egg maturation in females and is thought to conserve energy for survival during stressful times. The ability to diapause is more common in flies from higher latitudes and in offspring from flies that have recently overwintered. Therefore, diapause has been thought to be a recent adaptation to temperate climates. We identified hundreds of genetic variants that affect diapause and found that some vary predictably across latitudes in North America. We found little signal of repeated seasonality in diapause-associated genetic variants, but our populations evolved an increased ability to diapause in the winter when they were exposed to natural conditions. Combined, our results suggest that diapause-associated variants evolve differently across space and time. We find little evidence that diapause evolved recently in temperate environments; rather, alleles associated with diapause are as common as expected in Zambia, suggesting that diapause may promote survival under stresses other than cold. Our results provide future targets for research into the genetic underpinnings of this complex, ecologically relevant trait.
C1 [Erickson, Priscilla A.; Weller, Cory A.; Song, Daniel Y.; Bangerter, Alyssa S.; Bergland, Alan O.] Univ Virginia, Dept Biol, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA.
   [Schmidt, Paul] Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
C3 University of Virginia; University of Pennsylvania
RP Erickson, PA (corresponding author), Univ Virginia, Dept Biol, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA.
EM pae3g@virginia.com
RI Erickson, Priscilla/K-3809-2019
OI Erickson, Priscilla/0000-0001-8420-995X; Schmidt,
   Paul/0000-0002-8076-6705; Song, Daniel/0000-0002-1887-1408; Weller,
   Cory/0000-0001-6965-5599
FU Jane Coffin Childs Memorial Fund for Medical Research [611673]; NIH
   NIGMS [R35 GM119686]; University of Virginia
FX This work was funded by award #611673 from the Jane Coffin Childs
   Memorial Fund for Medical Research (to PAE, www.jccfund.org), an NIH
   NIGMS grant (R35 GM119686 to AOB, www.nigms.nih.gov/) and start-up funds
   provided by the University of Virginia. The funders had no role in study
   design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or
   preparation of the manuscript.
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NR 149
TC 25
Z9 28
U1 6
U2 31
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1553-7404
J9 PLOS GENET
JI PLoS Genet.
PD NOV
PY 2020
VL 16
IS 11
AR e1009110
DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009110
PG 45
WC Genetics & Heredity
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA PA0YI
UT WOS:000595342300003
PM 33216740
OA gold, Green Submitted, Green Published
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Gardner, E
AF Gardner, Emily
TI Adaptive Management in the Face of Climate Change and Endangered Species
   Protection
SO ECOLOGY LAW QUARTERLY
LA English
DT Article
ID ACT
AB In recent decades, new theories in resource management have emerged that have been specifically designed to account for the uncertainties and complexities inherent in ecosystem processes and structures. Adaptive management is one such theory and has become the dominant approach used by resource managers where degrees of scientific uncertainty are high. Adaptive management has been particularly recognized for its usefulness in addressing the impacts of climate change on wildlife species due to the high degree of complexity and scientific uncertainty climate change entails. Although adaptive management enjoys widespread support among resource managers and academics, guidance has been lacking in how to implement adaptive management plans effectively. The absence of clear statutory authority and regulatory standards has made the development, implementation and review of adaptive management plans challenging. The lack of adequate funding and personnel resources has often also greatly restricted an agency's ability to implement adaptive management plans effectively. This Note explores challenges to the use of adaptive management as a resource management approach with emphasis on challenges that have arisen in the context of managing the impacts of climate change on protected species. The recent decision by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals in Greater Yellowstone Coalition v. Servheen, 665 F.3d 1015 (2011) provides a backdrop for discussion. In Greater Yellowstone Coalition, the Ninth Circuit rejected an adaptive management plan for removal of a population of grizzly bears from the ESA's list of threatened species where ample scientific evidence indicated that the bear was adversely affected by climate change and the effects of climate change were not adequately addressed in the plan. The case is noteworthy not only because it established that climate change impacts must be addressed in adaptive management plans where adaptive management is the selected management approach, but also because it highlights difficulties agencies and courts have in developing, implementing and reviewing adaptive management plans where statutory authority, regulatory standards and funding for the plans are lacking.
   The Note then considers the possible role of the National Fish Wildlife and Plants Climate Adaptation Strategy (FWP Strategy) recently developed under the direction of the Council for Environmental Quality and authorized by Executive Order. The FWP Strategy strongly endorses the development and implementation of adaptive management plans for U.S. species affected by climate change. While the FWP Strategy is still in its early stages of development and adaptive management plans devised under its guidance have yet to be tested, the Strategy appears to address several of the problems that have plagued agencies in obtaining judicial approval of adaptive management plans. On its face, the FWP Strategy stands to benefit the many species of fish, wildlife and plants in the United States whose survival is threatened by climate change, and may ultimately provide a viable solution for resolving current management issues involving these species that were raised in Greater Yellowstone Coalition.
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NR 54
TC 2
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 50
PU UNIV CALIFORNIA  BERKELEY SCH LAW
PI BERKELEY
PA BOAT HALL, 588 SIMON HALL, BERKELEY, CA 94720-7200 USA
SN 0046-1121
J9 ECOL LAW QUART
JI Ecol. Law Q.
PY 2013
VL 40
IS 2
BP 229
EP 270
PG 42
WC Environmental Studies; Law
WE Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Government & Law
GA 210DA
UT WOS:000323808300004
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Fekadu, A
   Soromessa, T
   Dullo, BW
AF Fekadu, Ayehu
   Soromessa, Teshome
   Dullo, Bikila Warkineh
TI GIS-based assessment of climate change impacts on forest
   habitable<i>Aframomum corrorima</i>(Braun) in Southwest Ethiopia coffee
   forest
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Aframomum corrorima; Coffee forest; Bioclimatic variables; Suitability;
   GIS; MaxEnt
ID BIODIVERSITY LOSS; ENVELOPE MODELS; AFRICA; TRENDS
AB Climate change is thought to have a greater impact on crops that require particular conditions for their productivity. Southwest Ethiopia is a region where important cash crops such asCoffea arabicaandAframomum corrorima(korerima) originate. These crops are known to require shade for their growth and productivity. This study was conducted to assess the impacts of climate change on an important but neglected cash crop ofA. corrorimausing GIS-based species distribution approaches. Local meteorological data and bioclimatic data from WorldClim were used to map past, present, and future distribution of the crop in the Coffee Forest System of Southwest Ethiopia. Moreover, 96 key informants were interviewed and completed questionnaires to complement the distribution modeling. The key informants mapped the history and present occurrences ofA. corrorimaand based on this, ground-truthing survey was conducted. The interpolation method of the Inverse Distance Weighted was used in ArcGIS 10.5 to develop bioclimatic variables for modeling past and present distribution while data from IPCC (AR4) Emissions Scenarios was used for the future occurrence prediction using Principal Component Analysis. Eleven best bioclimatic variables were selected and MaxEnt was used to model past, present and future distribution ofA. corrorima.The output of our model was validated using Area Under the Curve (AUC) approach. Temperature and precipitation are the most important environmental variable, then temperature increased by 1.3 degrees C in the past (from 1988 to 2018) while it is predicted to increase further by at least 1.4 degrees C before 2050. On the contrary, precipitation decreased by an average of 10.1 mm from the past while it is predicted to decrease further by 12.5 mm before 2050. Our model shows that the area suitable for korerima in 1988 was 20,638.2 ha and it was reduced by half and became 10,545.3 ha in 2018, similarly predicted to shrink into 3225.5 ha by 2050. The findings from the key informants confirm the model results whereby 89.1% of the respondent replied korerima producing area has been shifted into the mountains over the last 30 years (by 150 m a.s.l. from 1988 to 2018) and thus expected to be pushing up in the next 32 years (by 133 m before 2050). The community claims that the length of the rainy season of the area has been shortening from 9 months in the past to an average of 5.5 months recently which also coincides with increasing temperature. We conclude that with the changing climatic condition, the suitable habitat of korerima has already shrank by 48.9% (from 1988 to 2018) and the trend may lead to a shrink by 84.38% before 2050 (from 1988 to 2050). Therefore, it is important to develop site-specific climate adaptation strategies for the region such as promoting alternative livelihoods and avoiding further coffee forest degradation and deforestation.
C1 [Fekadu, Ayehu; Soromessa, Teshome] Addis Ababa Univ, Ctr Environm Sci, POB 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
   [Dullo, Bikila Warkineh] Addis Ababa Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Biodivers Management, POB 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
C3 Addis Ababa University; Addis Ababa University
RP Fekadu, A (corresponding author), Addis Ababa Univ, Ctr Environm Sci, POB 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
EM Ayehufekadu5@gmail.com; teshome.soromessa@aau.edu.et;
   bikila.warkineh@aau.edu.et
RI Dullo, Bikila Warkineh/AGX-9560-2022
OI Fekadu, Ayehu/0000-0002-4326-0481; Dullo, Bikila
   Warkineh/0000-0002-8488-4020
FU Tapi Spice Research Center
FX University for providing us with financial and for the overall
   logistical support. We are appreciative also the Ethiopian
   Meteorological Services Agency for time series meteorological data,
   offering. We acknowledge the Tapi Spice Research Center for their
   support and provided us supplementary materials for the general
   information of the crop. Finally, we acknowledge the editors and an
   anonymous reviewer for helpful and constructive comments of this
   article.
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NR 55
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 16
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
J9 J MT SCI-ENGL
JI J Mt. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2020
VL 17
IS 10
BP 2432
EP 2446
DI 10.1007/s11629-019-5722-2
PG 15
WC Environmental Sciences
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA OC0TN
UT WOS:000578876400009
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Singh, AK
   Singh, RK
   Singh, AK
   Singh, VK
   Rawat, SS
   Mehta, KS
   Kumar, A
   Gupta, MK
   Thakur, S
AF Singh, Awani K.
   Singh, Ranjay K.
   Singh, A. K.
   Singh, V. K.
   Rawat, S. S.
   Mehta, K. S.
   Kumar, A.
   Gupta, Manoj K.
   Thakur, Shailja
TI Bio-mulching for ginger crop management:Traditional ecological knowledge
   led adaptation under rainfed agroecosystems
SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE
LA English
DT Article
DE TEK led adaptations; Bio-mulching; Mid hills; Rain-fed; Agroecosystems;
   Ginger; Crop diseases; Resource farmers; Livelihood security
AB Sustainability of organic farming depends on the organic inputs. As such, other than a few fertilizers and plant protection measures, there have been scanty resources available to farmers for continuing organic farming. Some farmers in India have evolved traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) based location specific practices to sustain their agroecosystems and continue organic farming. In this paper, an attempt has been made to explore TEK-led adaptations in bio-mulching to grow ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) as a crop and to test empirically the best practices including identifying the best leaves and local bio-mulching materials applied by farmers. The role of TEK-led adaptive practices for controlling moisture loss, temperature regulation, reduced disease incidence, quality yield and economic aspects of ginger production are examined. The study was conducted in nine randomly selected villages of Champawat district, Uttrakhand (Western Himalaya). Data was collected using open ended questions in association with participatory rural appraisal (PRA) tools. Results indicated that farmers have developed major TEK led adaptive practices for organic ginger production after seeding in the field, namely using the leaves of oak (Quercus leucotrichophora A. Camus.), chir pine needles (Pinta roxburghii Sarg.), local mixed grasses (e.g., Chrysopogon fulvus (Spreng.) Chiov, [Cymbopogon distans (Nees ex Steud.) W. Watson], [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br. syn. Setaria glauca (L.) P. Beauv], [Heteropogon contortus (L.) P.Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult]. shrubs [Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob.] syn. Eupatorium odoratum L.) and animal wastage. This last consists of mixed oak, bhimal (Grewia optiva J.R. Drumm ex Burret), kharik (Celtis australis L.), timala (Ficus auriculata Lour.syn. Ficus roxburghii Stud.) leaves, grasses, paddy and finger millet straw and cow dung and urine. Women were observed to be using more of these TEK led adaptive practices than men. Empirical field studies carried out on TEK led adaptive practices under rain-fed agro ecosystems of farmers revealed significant results including longer rhizome length (up to 6.50 cm), higher number of rhizomes per plant (35.30), higher ginger yield (211.50 q/ha), higher B:C (benefit to cost) ratio (1:2.18) and lower percentage of disease (bacterial wilt; soft rot and leaf spot) incidence (17.5%) in oak leaf mulch. Soil moisture conservation (44.75%) and optimum soil temperature (24.80 degrees C) were recorded as significantly better under the oak leaves for using bio-mulching as compared to all other TEK led bio-mulching practices for organic ginger production. The oak leaves used as bio-mulch in organic ginger increased yield by 43% and net returns by 61% as compared to no mulching (control). It is concluded that, under temperate climate and rain-fed agro ecosystems, TEK led adaptive practices by farmers in growing ginger are economically feasible, energy efficient and ecologically sustainable, through the addition of soil organic carbon. However, there is need for scientific and institutional promotion in participatory modes for such practices, with a provision for integrating these practices with science and policy on climate adaptation.
C1 [Singh, Awani K.; Thakur, Shailja] Indian Agr Res Inst, Ctr Protected Cultivat Technol, New Delhi 110012, India.
   [Singh, Ranjay K.] Cent Soil Salin Res Inst, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India.
   [Singh, A. K.; Singh, V. K.; Rawat, S. S.; Mehta, K. S.] Krishi Vigyan Kendra, GBPUA & T Pantnagar, Champawat, Uttrakhand, India.
   [Kumar, A.] Sikkim Ctr, ICAR, Tadong, Gangtok, India.
   [Gupta, Manoj K.] Infosys Ltd, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
C3 Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR); ICAR - Indian
   Agricultural Research Institute; Indian Council of Agricultural Research
   (ICAR); ICAR - Central Soil Salinity Research Institute; Govind Ballabh
   Pant University of Agriculture Technology; Infosys Limited
RP Singh, AK (corresponding author), Indian Agr Res Inst, Ctr Protected Cultivat Technol, New Delhi 110012, India.
EM singhabr1972@yahoo.co.in
RI SINGH, ALKA/JMB-8705-2023
OI , Dr Awani Kumar Singh/0000-0001-5934-2257; Kumar,
   Ashok/0000-0002-0720-1484
FU Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi; Pantnagar
   Agricultural University, Pantnagar
FX The authors are thankful to the Director Extension, Pantnagar, Director
   IARI, New Delhi, In-charge KVK, Lohaghat, Inchange CPCT, and District
   Horticulture Officer, Champawat for their active support in data
   collection. Authors specially acknowledge the contributions on knowledge
   provided by the ginger fanner. The local Scientists, Senior Research
   Fellows and Technical Staffs of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Lohaghat who were
   involved during research work are gratefully acknowledged. The financial
   assistance obtained from Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New
   Delhi; Pantnagar Agricultural University, Pantnagar and the Samvikas
   Yojan given by District Magistrate, Champawat, Uttrakhand, India are
   acknowledged. Review and editorial contributions received from Professor
   Nancy J Turner, University of Victoria, Canada is gratefully
   acknowledged.
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PU NATL INST SCIENCE COMMUNICATION-NISCAIR
PI NEW DELHI
PA DR K S KRISHNAN MARG, PUSA CAMPUS, NEW DELHI 110 012, INDIA
SN 0972-5938
EI 0975-1068
J9 INDIAN J TRADIT KNOW
JI Indian J. Tradit. Knowl.
PD JAN
PY 2014
VL 13
IS 1
BP 111
EP 122
PG 12
WC Plant Sciences
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Plant Sciences
GA AD6OB
UT WOS:000333379200010
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Sojitra, M
   Corney, S
   Hemer, M
   Hamilton, S
   Mcinnes, J
   Thalmann, S
   Lea, MA
AF Sojitra, Milan
   Corney, Stuart
   Hemer, Mark
   Hamilton, Sheryl
   Mcinnes, Julie
   Thalmann, Sam
   Lea, Mary-Anne
TI Traversing the land-sea interface: A climate change risk assessment of
   terrestrially breeding marine predators
SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Antarctica; Macquarie Island; marine mammals; pinnipeds; seabirds;
   subantarctic region; Tasmania; trait-based risk assessment
ID ROCKHOPPER PENGUINS; VULNERABILITY; THREATS; POLLUTION; RESPONSES;
   SEABIRDS; IMPACTS; ISLAND; MASS
AB Terrestrially breeding marine predators have experienced shifts in species distribution, prey availability, breeding phenology, and population dynamics due to climate change worldwide. These central-place foragers are restricted within proximity of their breeding colonies during the breeding season, making them highly susceptible to any changes in both marine and terrestrial environments. While ecologists have developed risk assessments to evaluate climate risk in various contexts, these often overlook critical breeding biology data. To address this knowledge gap, we developed a trait-based risk assessment framework, focusing on the breeding season and applying it to marine predators breeding in parts of Australian territory and Antarctica. Our objectives were to quantify climate change risk, identify specific threats, and establish an adaptable assessment framework. The assessment considered 25 criteria related to three risk components: vulnerability, exposure, and hazard, while accounting for uncertainty. We employed a scoring system that integrated a systematic literature review and expert elicitation for the hazard criteria. Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify key factors contributing to overall risk. We identified shy albatross (Thalassarche cauta), southern rockhopper penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome), Australian fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus), and Australian sea lions (Neophoca cinerea) with high climate urgency. Species breeding in lower latitudes, as well as certain eared seal, albatross, and penguin species, were particularly at risk. Hazard and exposure explained the most variation in relative risk, outweighing vulnerability. Key climate hazards affecting most species include extreme weather events, changes in habitat suitability, and prey availability. We emphasise the need for further research, focusing on at-risk species, and filling knowledge gaps (less-studied hazards, and/or species) to provide a more accurate and robust climate change risk assessment. Our findings offer valuable insights for conservation efforts, given that monitoring and implementing climate adaptation strategies for land-dependent marine predators is more feasible during their breeding season.
   We developed a framework to assess climate change risk for 56 seabird and seal species breeding in Australian territories and Antarctica. Extreme weather, changes in habitat suitability, and prey availability were key climate hazards, with species such as shy albatross, Australian fur seals, southern rockhopper penguins, and Australian sea lions facing high climate urgency. Our research highlights the need for focused studies on at-risk species and filling knowledge gaps to create effective conservation and management strategies for these iconic marine predators.image
C1 [Sojitra, Milan] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Australian Ctr Excellence Antarctic Sci, Hobart, Australia.
   [Corney, Stuart] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Ctr Marine Socioecol, Australian Antarctic Partnership, Hobart, Australia.
   [Hemer, Mark] CSIRO Environm, Hobart, Tas, Australia.
   [Sojitra, Milan; Hamilton, Sheryl; Mcinnes, Julie] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Hobart, Tas, Australia.
   [Hamilton, Sheryl; Thalmann, Sam] Marine Conservat Program, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Hobart, Tas, Australia.
   [Mcinnes, Julie] Dept Climate Change Energy Environm & Water, Australian Antarctic Div, Kingston, Tas, Australia.
   [Lea, Mary-Anne] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Australian Ctr Excellence Antarctic Sci, Ctr Marine Socioecol, Hobart, Australia.
C3 University of Tasmania; University of Tasmania; Commonwealth Scientific
   & Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO); University of Tasmania;
   Australian Antarctic Division; University of Tasmania
RP Sojitra, M (corresponding author), Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Hobart, Tas, Australia.
EM milan.sojitra@utas.edu.au
RI McInnes, Julie/C-2865-2014; Lea, Mary-Anne/E-9054-2013; Hemer,
   Mark/M-1905-2013; Sojitra, Milan/HGE-5573-2022
OI Corney, Stuart/0000-0002-8293-0863; Lea, Mary-Anne/0000-0001-8318-9299;
   McInnes, Julie/0000-0001-8902-5199; Hemer, Mark/0000-0002-7725-3474;
   Sojitra, Milan/0000-0001-5545-2440
FX The authors would like to acknowledge the invaluable contributions of
   all experts whose participation and insightful comments greatly enriched
   our research. Their extensive knowledge and diverse perspectives were
   crucial in validating the hazard scores and addressing knowledge gaps,
   significantly enhancing the robustness of our assessment. Special thanks
   are extended to Alistair Hobday for his valuable comments on
   methodological refinements.
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NR 91
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 14
U2 14
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1354-1013
EI 1365-2486
J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL
JI Glob. Change Biol.
PD AUG
PY 2024
VL 30
IS 8
AR e17452
DI 10.1111/gcb.17452
PG 19
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA D1A3L
UT WOS:001293578300001
PM 39162042
OA hybrid
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT S
AU Virkkala, R
   Heikkinen, RK
   Kuusela, S
   Leikola, N
   Pöyry, J
AF Virkkala, Raimo
   Heikkinen, Risto K.
   Kuusela, Saija
   Leikola, Niko
   Poyry, Juha
BE Filho, WL
   Barbir, J
   Preziosi, R
TI Significance of Protected Area Network in Preserving Biodiversity in a
   Changing Northern European Climate
SO HANDBOOK OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND BIODIVERSITY
SE Climate Change Management
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID LAND-USE CHANGE; PROJECTED IMPACTS; DENSITY SHIFTS; BOREAL BIRDS;
   FUTURE; SENSITIVITY; DIVERSITY; THREATS; MODELS; FACE
AB Climate change is a major threat to biodiversity, causing species to move to new climatically suitable areas, and thus increasing the extinction probability of species inhabiting fragmented landscapes. This highlights the need for climate-wise conservation strategies. With such strategies, a well-connected network of protected areas (PAs) is one of the most important means to support species survival. An extensive and representative PA network can enhance the resilience of regional populations of species, resulting in slower species loss in landscapes with a significant proportion of area of habitat being protected. This paper presents analyses of both the observed (1974-2010) and the predicted changes (by 2051-2080) in boreal bird populations in Finland. Firstly, the results show some general patterns of climate change on bird species: (1) species are shifting their ranges towards north, (2) range sizes of many species are declining, and (3) these changes are different in northern and southern species and in species occupying different habitats. Secondly, the paper looks more into the role of protected area (PA) network in securing birds in a changing climate and concludes that at least in Finland, open habitats, such as open mires and mountain heaths, change more rapidly in their species composition in protected areas than for example old-growth forests. However, generally, species decline less within than outside PAs showing that protected areas alleviate climate change effects on bird species of conservation concern. This finding, further supported by results from elsewhere in Europe, provides evidence for the resilience of PA networks in preserving species under climate change. Representative PA network that includes high cover for key habitats is hence needed in all latitudinal zones. The projected efficiency of the PA network in maintaining biodiversity was partly dependent on the strength of climate change varying with respect to future scenarios. This suggests that a flexibly adaptive climate-wise conservation planning is required to be better prepared for preserving biodiversity in the face of uncertain climate change. Thirdly, the paper discusses several aspects of climate change studies and avian biodiversity that have been hitherto understudied especially in the northern biomes. The paper suggests that future studies should concentrate on (1) abundance-based models and prioritisations, (2) species' adaptive capacity (ability to avoid the impacts of climate change through dispersal and/or evolutionary change) and sensitivity (limited potential to persist in situ under changing climate) to climate change, (3) the role of the landscape matrix around the PAs and (4) the effects of the biogeophysical features of the PAs themselves. In conclusion, we envision that improved assessments regarding the ability of PA networks to maintain biodiversity in northern biomes are needed to enhance our ability to perform climate-wise conservation planning.
C1 [Virkkala, Raimo; Heikkinen, Risto K.; Kuusela, Saija; Leikola, Niko; Poyry, Juha] Finnish Environm Inst, Biodivers Ctr, POB 140, FI-00251 Helsinki, Finland.
C3 Finnish Environment Institute
RP Virkkala, R (corresponding author), Finnish Environm Inst, Biodivers Ctr, POB 140, FI-00251 Helsinki, Finland.
EM raimo.virkkala@ymparisto.fi
RI Virkkala, Raimo/AAN-6178-2020; Heikkinen, Risto/AAN-6257-2020; Poyry,
   Juha/B-7487-2013
OI Poyry, Juha/0000-0002-5548-1046
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NR 49
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 10
PU SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG
PI CHAM
PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND
SN 1610-2010
BN 978-3-319-98681-4; 978-3-319-98680-7
J9 CLIM CHANG MANAG
PY 2019
BP 377
EP 390
DI 10.1007/978-3-319-98681-4_23
D2 10.1007/978-3-319-98681-4
PG 14
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies
WE Book Citation Index – Social Sciences & Humanities (BKCI-SSH); Book Citation Index – Science (BKCI-S)
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA BM5RS
UT WOS:000465473500024
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Hauri, C
   Pagès, R
   Hedstrom, K
   Doney, SC
   Dupont, S
   Ferriss, B
   Stuecker, MF
AF Hauri, Claudine
   Pages, Remi
   Hedstrom, Katherine
   Doney, Scott C.
   Dupont, Sam
   Ferriss, Bridget
   Stuecker, Malte F.
TI More Than Marine Heatwaves: A New Regime of Heat, Acidity, and Low
   Oxygen Compound Extreme Events in the Gulf of Alaska
SO AGU ADVANCES
LA English
DT Article
DE climate change; ocean acidification; extreme events; ecosystem
ID NORTHERN GULF; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; SURFACE; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY;
   IMPACTS; MODELS; IRON
AB Recent marine heatwaves in the Gulf of Alaska have had devastating impacts on species from various trophic levels. Due to climate change, total heat exposure in the upper ocean has become longer, more intense, more frequent, and more likely to happen at the same time as other environmental extremes. The combination of multiple environmental extremes can exacerbate the response of sensitive marine organisms. Our hindcast simulation provides the first indication that more than 20% of the bottom water of the Gulf of Alaska continental shelf was exposed to quadruple heat, positive hydrogen ion concentration [H+], negative aragonite saturation state (omega arag), and negative oxygen concentration [O2] compound extreme events during the 2018-2020 marine heat wave. Natural intrusion of deep and acidified water combined with the marine heat wave triggered the first occurrence of these events in 2019. During the 2013-2016 marine heat wave, surface waters were already exposed to widespread marine heat and positive [H+] compound extreme events due to the temperature effect on the [H+]. We introduce a new Gulf of Alaska Downwelling Index (GOADI) with short-term predictive skill, which can serve as indicator of past and near-future positive [H+], negative omega arag, and negative [O2] compound extreme events near the shelf seafloor. Our results suggest that the marine heat waves may have not been the sole environmental stressor that led to the observed ecosystem impacts and warrant a closer look at existing in situ inorganic carbon and other environmental data in combination with biological observations and model output.
   The Gulf of Alaska supports a rich ocean ecosystem and valuable fisheries. Climate change and ocean acidification threaten to disrupt marine life in the region from plankton to fish, marine mammals, and sea birds. The gradual build-up of these environmental pressures can be exacerbated further by short-term extreme events, such as marine heat waves, that can temporarily push ocean conditions beyond physiological and ecological thresholds for some organisms. The problem is worsened by the co-occurrence of extreme events for multiple factors, for example, heat and acidity. Our analysis using a regional ocean model indicates that such compound extreme events have become more frequent and intense with time in the Gulf of Alaska, raising concerns for vulnerable parts of the ecosystem. Improvements in model forecasts and observing systems may help by providing advanced warning of compound extreme events and be useful to fisheries and marine resource managers as they develop climate adaptation strategies.
   20% of the shelf bottom water was exposed to quadruple heat, positive [H+], negative omega arag, and negative [O2] compound extreme events in 2019Interaction of marine heat waves and local natural variability of deep-water intrusion triggered quadruple compound extreme events on shelfNew Gulf of Alaska Downwelling Index presented as indicator for environmental conditions on continental shelf
C1 [Hauri, Claudine; Pages, Remi] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
   [Hedstrom, Katherine] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Coll Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK USA.
   [Doney, Scott C.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA USA.
   [Dupont, Sam] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Fiskebackskil, Sweden.
   [Ferriss, Bridget] NOAA Fisheries, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA.
   [Stuecker, Malte F.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI USA.
C3 University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; University
   of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; University of
   Virginia; University of Gothenburg; National Oceanic Atmospheric Admin
   (NOAA) - USA; University of Hawaii System; University of Hawaii Manoa
RP Hauri, C (corresponding author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
EM chauri@alaska.edu
RI ; Stuecker, Malte/H-6304-2011; Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010
OI Pages, Remi/0000-0002-3896-5372; Stuecker, Malte/0000-0001-8355-0662;
   Hauri, Claudine/0000-0002-5048-0028; Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437
FU North Pacific Research Board; National Science Foundation [OIA-1757348,
   OCE-1656070]; Palmer LTER NSF [OPP-2224611]; NSF [AGS-2141728];  [NPRB
   2109]
FX Our study covers the Gulf of Alaska marine environment, which is in the
   traditional and contemporary unceded homelands of the Haida, Tsimshian,
   Tlingit, Eyak, Dena'ina, Sugpiaq/Alutiiq, and Unangax/Aleut Peoples.
   Moreover, the offices of the University of Alaska Fairbanks are located
   on the unceded Native lands of the Lower Tanana Dena. We are grateful to
   the Indigenous communities, who have been in deep connection with their
   land and water for now and time immemorial, for the stewardship of their
   environment. We also recognize the historical and ongoing legacies of
   colonialism and are committed to improve equity in our lives and
   scientific institutions we work with. CH and RP acknowledge support from
   the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB 2109) and National Science
   Foundation (OIA-1757348, OCE-1656070). SCD acknowledges support from
   Palmer LTER NSF OPP-2224611. MFS was supported by NSF Grant AGS-2141728.
   This study has been conducted using E.U. Copernicus Marine Service
   Information; , , . We would also like to thank two anonymous reviewers
   and the editor for their valuable input. This is IPRC publication 1613
   and SOEST contribution 11754.
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NR 83
TC 10
Z9 11
U1 13
U2 42
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
EI 2576-604X
J9 AGU ADV
JI AGU Adv.
PD FEB
PY 2024
VL 5
IS 1
AR e2023AV001039
DI 10.1029/2023AV001039
PG 18
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Geology
GA ES4C3
UT WOS:001140888200001
OA Green Submitted, gold
HC Y
HP N
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Medema, W
   Furber, A
   Adamowski, J
   Zhou, QQ
   Mayer, I
AF Medema, Wietske
   Furber, Alison
   Adamowski, Jan
   Zhou, Qiqi
   Mayer, Igor
TI Exploring the Potential Impact of Serious Games on Social Learning and
   Stakeholder Collaborations for Transboundary Watershed Management of the
   St. Lawrence River Basin
SO WATER
LA English
DT Article
DE social learning; stakeholder collaborations; transboundary water
   governance; watershed management; serious games
ID JOINT KNOWLEDGE PRODUCTION; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; GOVERNANCE;
   PARTICIPATION; RESOURCES; ORGANIZATIONS; COOPERATION; PROJECTS; LESSONS;
   SYSTEMS
AB The meaningful participation of stakeholders in decision-making is now widely recognized as a crucial element of effective water resource management, particularly with regards to adapting to climate and environmental change. Social learning is increasingly being cited as an important component of engagement if meaningful participation is to be achieved. The exact definition of social learning is still a matter under debate, but is taken to be a process in which individuals experience a change in understanding that is brought about by social interaction. Social learning has been identified as particularly important in transboundary contexts, where it is necessary to reframe problems from a local to a basin-wide perspective. In this study, social learning is explored in the context of transboundary water resource management in the St. Lawrence River Basin. The overarching goal of this paper is to explore the potential role of serious games to improve social learning in the St. Lawrence River. To achieve this end, a two-pronged approach is followed: (1) Assessing whether social learning is currently occurring and identifying what the barriers to social learning are through interviews with the region's water resource managers; (2) Undertaking a literature review to understand the mechanisms through which serious games enhance social learning to understand which barriers serious games can break down. Interview questions were designed to explore the relevance of social learning in the St. Lawrence River basin context, and to identify the practices currently employed that impact on social learning. While examples of social learning that is occurring have been identified, preliminary results suggest that these examples are exceptions rather than the rule, and that on the whole, social learning is not occurring to its full potential. The literature review of serious games offers an assessment of such collaborative mechanisms in terms of design principles, modes of play, and their potential impact on social learning for transboundary watershed management. Serious game simulations provide new opportunities for multidirectional collaborative processes by bringing diverse stakeholders to the table, providing more equal access to a virtual negotiation or learning space to develop and share knowledge, integrating different knowledge domains, and providing opportunities to test and analyze the outcomes of novel management solutions. This paper concludes with a discussion of how serious games can address specific barriers and weaknesses to social learning in the transboundary watershed context of the St. Lawrence River Basin.
C1 [Medema, Wietske; Furber, Alison; Adamowski, Jan] McGill Univ, Dept Bioresource Engn, 21 111 Lakeshore, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X3V9, Canada.
   [Zhou, Qiqi] TIAS Sch Business & Soc, Kromme Nieuwegracht 39, NL-3512 HD Utrecht, Netherlands.
   [Mayer, Igor] NHTV Breda Univ Appl Sci, Acad Digital Entertainment, Monseigneur Hopmansstr 1, NL-4817 JT Breda, Netherlands.
C3 McGill University; Breda University of Applied Sciences
RP Medema, W (corresponding author), McGill Univ, Dept Bioresource Engn, 21 111 Lakeshore, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X3V9, Canada.
EM wietske.medema@mcgill.ca; alison.furber@mail.mcgill.ca;
   jan.adamowski@mcgill.ca; qiqi.zhou@tias.edu; i.s.mayer@hotmail.com
RI ZHou, Qiqi/LGZ-9834-2024
OI Furber, Alison/0000-0002-6842-7890; Medema, Wietske/0000-0002-4134-6572;
   ZHou, Qiqi/0009-0005-1872-8547
FU Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC);
   McGill University Brace Centre for Water Resources Management
FX The research team gives thanks to Genevieve Grenon (a PhD student at
   McGill), who conducted the interviews with each of the research
   participants, and to Meetu Vijay (an MSc student at McGill), who was
   involved in the early stages of the research. This study was funded by a
   Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)
   Partnership Development Grant held by Jan Adamowski and contributed to
   by Nguyen from the McGill University Brace Centre for Water Resources
   Management.
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NR 92
TC 68
Z9 72
U1 1
U2 48
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2073-4441
J9 WATER-SUI
JI Water
PD MAY
PY 2016
VL 8
IS 5
AR 175
DI 10.3390/w8050175
PG 24
WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
GA DO7SW
UT WOS:000377984300006
OA gold, Green Submitted
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Ugbaje, SU
   Odeh, IOA
   Bishop, TFA
AF Ugbaje, S. U.
   Odeh, I. O. A.
   Bishop, T. F. A.
TI Fuzzy measure-based multicriteria land assessment for rainfed maize in
   West Africa for the current and a range of plausible future climates
SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE
LA English
DT Article
DE Choquet integral; Land suitability; Ordered Weighted Averaging; Global
   circulation model; Representative concentration pathways
ID CROP YIELD; INTERACTING CRITERIA; SUITABILITY ANALYSIS; FOOD; GIS;
   AGGREGATION; AGRICULTURE; DECISION; IMPACT; SOIL
AB Crop production in West Africa is largely under rainfed conditions, making the system vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. However, the impact of future climate on the geographic range of many crops in West Africa is still uncertain. This is exacerbated by considerable uncertainty in projecting future West African climate by global circulation models (GCMs). In this paper, the current land suitability for rainfed maize (Zea mays L.) production in West Africa and how it would change in response to a range of future climate changes were assessed. A novel non-additive approach involving the integration of a fuzzy measure modelling procedure and the Choquet integral to deal with non-linear relationships among criteria was introduced. The supervised and unsupervised variants of the approach and the Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) aggregators were evaluated and compared using data on the current climate, soil characteristics, and actual maize yield estimates at some locations across the region. The supervised fuzzy measure modelling outperformed the unsupervised variant and the OWA operators, demonstrating the importance of considering interaction among criteria and incorporating human reasoning in multicriteria analysis. Consequently, the supervised modelling approach was used to estimate suitability scores for rainfed maize for the current and a range of plausible future climates which were generated from unique combinations of temperature and rainfall percentile values (5th, 50th and 95th) from 25 and 32 GCMs projections under the RCPs 2.6 and 8.5 scenarios, respectively. Under the current climate in West Africa, the combined suitable/highly suitable areas for rainfed maize production are in the humid savanna zones. In contrast, the forest region to the south exhibited moderate suitability with the semi-arid savanna zones being marginally suitable. Relative to the current climate in which 91.3% of West Africa is at least moderately suitable for maize production, suitability for maize will change in at least 43% of West Africa in response to future climate change. Across all scenarios and years, future suitability in the semi-arid region of the Sudano-Sahelian savannas shows strong sensitivity to uncertainty in rainfall projections. However, regardless of the trajectory of future rainfall projection, the 95th percentile temperature projection will decrease suitability in about 15% of the West African region by 2080 under the RCP8.5 scenario. Because of the incorporation of uncertainties of future climate projections in this analysis, the results from this study can be used in the development of flexible climate adaptation strategies.
C1 [Ugbaje, S. U.; Odeh, I. O. A.; Bishop, T. F. A.] Univ Sydney, Sch Life & Environm Sci, Sydney Inst Agr, Biomed Bldg,1 Cent Ave, Eveleigh, NSW 2015, Australia.
C3 University of Sydney
RP Ugbaje, SU (corresponding author), Univ Sydney, Sch Life & Environm Sci, Sydney Inst Agr, Biomed Bldg,1 Cent Ave, Eveleigh, NSW 2015, Australia.
EM sabastine.ugabje@sydney.edu.au
RI Bishop, Thomas/E-1010-2013; Odeh, Inakwu/F-7758-2011
OI Bishop, Thomas/0000-0002-6723-7323; Ugbaje,
   Sabastine/0000-0001-8668-1748
FU Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
FX We are grateful to the anonymous reviewers whose comments and
   suggestions have improved this paper. We appreciate the following data
   providers: CCAFS, the Consultative Group for International Agricultural
   Research for the downscaled future climate data; the International Soil
   Reference Information Research Centre for providing the soil data;
   WorldClim for data on current climate; and the Global Yield Gap Atlas
   consortium. We also appreciate the Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria,
   Nigeria, for providing S. U. Ugbaje Study Fellowship.
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NR 71
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 17
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0168-1699
EI 1872-7107
J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR
JI Comput. Electron. Agric.
PD MAR
PY 2019
VL 158
BP 51
EP 67
DI 10.1016/j.compag.2019.01.011
PG 17
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary
   Applications
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)
SC Agriculture; Computer Science
GA HO9EE
UT WOS:000461263400006
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Robinson, JL
   Fordyce, JA
AF Robinson, Jason L.
   Fordyce, James A.
TI Species-free species distribution models describe macroecological
   properties of protected area networks
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; GEOGRAPHY; RICHNESS;
   IMPACTS; MANAGEMENT; RESPONSES; FUTURE
AB Among the greatest challenges facing the conservation of plants and animal species in protected areas are threats from a rapidly changing climate. An altered climate creates both challenges and opportunities for improving the management of protected areas in networks. Increasingly, quantitative tools like species distribution modeling are used to assess the performance of protected areas and predict potential responses to changing climates for groups of species, within a predictive framework. At larger geographic domains and scales, protected area network units have spatial geoclimatic properties that can be described in the gap analysis typically used to measure or aggregate the geographic distributions of species (stacked species distribution models, or S-SDM). We extend the use of species distribution modeling techniques in order to model the climate envelope (or "footprint") of individual protected areas within a network of protected areas distributed across the 48 conterminous United States and managed by the US National Park System. In our approach we treat each protected area as the geographic range of a hypothetical endemic species, then use MaxEnt and 5 uncorrelated BioClim variables to model the geographic distribution of the climatic envelope associated with each protected area unit (modeling the geographic area of park units as the range of a species). We describe the individual and aggregated climate envelopes predicted by a large network of 163 protected areas and briefly illustrate how macroecological measures of geodiversity can be derived from our analysis of the landscape ecological context of protected areas. To estimate trajectories of change in the temporal distribution of climatic features within a protected area network, we projected the climate envelopes of protected areas in current conditions onto a dataset of predicted future climatic conditions. Our results suggest that the climate envelopes of some parks may be locally unique or have narrow geographic distributions, and are thus prone to future shifts away from the climatic conditions in these parks in current climates. In other cases, some parks are broadly similar to large geographic regions surrounding the park or have climatic envelopes that may persist into near-term climate change. Larger parks predict larger climatic envelopes, in current conditions, but on average the predicted area of climate envelopes are smaller in our single future conditions scenario. Individual units in a protected area network may vary in the potential for climate adaptation, and adaptive management strategies for the network should account for the landscape contexts of the geodiversity or climate diversity within individual units. Conservation strategies, including maintaining connectivity, assessing the feasibility of assisted migration and other landscape restoration or enhancements can be optimized using analysis methods to assess the spatial properties of protected area networks in biogeographic and macroecological contexts.
C1 [Robinson, Jason L.] Univ Illinois, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Prairie Res Inst, Champaign, IL 61820 USA.
   [Fordyce, James A.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN USA.
C3 Illinois Natural History Survey; University of Illinois System;
   University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Tennessee System;
   University of Tennessee Knoxville
RP Robinson, JL (corresponding author), Univ Illinois, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Prairie Res Inst, Champaign, IL 61820 USA.
EM jrob@illinois.edu
OI Fordyce, James/0000-0002-2731-0418
FU University of Tennessee; Illinois Natural History Survey Postdoctoral
   Fellowship; Illinois Natural History Survey IDOT Further Studies Group
FX This study was supported by University of Tennessee graduate student
   teaching assistantship; Illinois Natural History Survey Postdoctoral
   Fellowship; Illinois Natural History Survey IDOT Further Studies Group.
   The funders have had no role in the study design, data collection and
   analysis or decisions to prepare or publish this manuscript.
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Z9 5
U1 1
U2 43
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD MAR 16
PY 2017
VL 12
IS 3
AR e0173443
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0173443
PG 19
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA EN9KE
UT WOS:000396318300038
PM 28301488
OA gold, Green Submitted, Green Published
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Henseke, A
   Breuste, JH
AF Henseke, Aisa
   Breuste, Juergen H.
TI Climate-Change Sensitive Residential Areas and Their Adaptation
   Capacities by Urban Green Changes: Case Study of Linz, Austria
SO JOURNAL OF URBAN PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Climate change; Adaptation capacity; Climate change sensitive urban
   residential areas; Urban green
AB As summer air temperatures continue to increase, urban areas will be most affected since urban building structures and materials intensify the heat island effect. The number of people who will be affected by increasing temperatures will rise, especially those in the heat-sensitive group of elderly people. Urban planning departments have to develop adaptation strategies in order to limit negative effects of climate change on their citizens. Due to their climatic ecosystem services, urban green areas can play an important role in this process. Since the effects of climate change can vary in different urban areas, a study was conducted focusing on identification of residential areas most affected by climate change according to surface cover structure and demographic characteristics in the City of Linz, Austria by using satellite images and demographic data. Residential areas with low vegetation cover and a high number of risk group members are identified as "climate-change sensitive residential areas (CCSRA)." About half of the residential areas of Linz and nearly two thirds of the population of Linz live in these areas. With selected representatives of these CCSRAs, the greening potential was identified and climate adaptive strategies developed. A survey carried out in selected CCSRAs showed a high appreciation for urban green areas (83.3 to 86.7 percent) by the inhabitants but a very low trust (35.0 to 56.7 percent) in their ability to contribute to the reduction of thermal load. Most residents would support an increase of different types of urban greenery in their residential areas (e.g., 76.7 to 91.7 percent would support an increase in lawns); at the same time, there is a high rejection of unsealing measures (e.g., 38.9 to 57.5 percent reject a lower number of parking lots). Greening measures, which would not require a change of surface structures such as facade greening, are the least accepted greening measures (38.9 to 57.5 percent reject this possibility). In the opinion of most inhabitants, residents should decide on the green structure of their residential areas (69.4 and 76.7 percent), while only a minority would approve of the involvement of urban planners (40.0 to 43.3 percent) or experts and scientists (16.7 to 30.0 percent) in this process. The results show an informational and educational deficit on the subject of climate change impact at a local level. The greening potential in CCSRAs is still not sufficiently valued by decision-makers and inhabitants, and adaptation strategies in the urban development of the areas are lacking. (C) 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
C1 [Henseke, Aisa; Breuste, Juergen H.] Salzburg Univ, Dept Geog, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria.
C3 Salzburg University
RP Breuste, JH (corresponding author), Salzburg Univ, Dept Geog, Hellbrunner St 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria.
EM aisa@gmx.at; juergen.breuste@sbg.ac.at
CR [Anonymous], 2022, INVESTIGATING BARRIE
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NR 36
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 4
U2 82
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 0733-9488
EI 1943-5444
J9 J URBAN PLAN DEV
JI J. Urban Plan. Dev
PD SEP
PY 2015
VL 141
IS 3
AR A5014007
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000262
PG 18
WC Engineering, Civil; Regional & Urban Planning; Urban Studies
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)
SC Engineering; Public Administration; Urban Studies
GA CP5TG
UT WOS:000359946800021
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Marty, E
   Segnon, AC
   Tui, SHK
   Trautman, S
   Huyer, S
   Cramer, L
   Mapedza, E
AF Marty, Edwige
   Segnon, Alcade C.
   Tui, Sabine Homann-Kee
   Trautman, Sabrina
   Huyer, Sophia
   Cramer, Laura
   Mapedza, Everisto
TI Enabling gender and social inclusion in climate and agriculture policy
   and planning through foresight processes: assessing challenges and
   leverage points
SO CLIMATE POLICY
LA English
DT Article
DE Foresight; climate change; gender; social inclusion; stakeholder
   engagement; scenario planning
ID ADAPTATION PATHWAYS; SPACES
AB Scenario-guided foresight processes are increasingly used to engage a broad range of stakeholders in sharing knowledge, reflecting, and setting priorities to respond to present and future climate change related dynamics. They are particularly useful to inform agricultural policies and planning in the face of a changing climate. Such participatory approaches are key to integrating multidisciplinary expertise, perspectives, and viewpoints, and ensuring that the multi-faceted vulnerabilities and the development needs of diverse groups are addressed in the design, planning, and implementation of climate adaptation policy. However, in practice, ensuring meaningful participation in the policy process is far from straightforward. In this paper, we examine the integration of gender and social inclusion considerations in 15 scenario-guided foresight use cases across Africa, Latin America, and Southeast Asia to determine the ways in which gender and social inclusion dynamics were considered and integrated at different stages of scenario-guided planning processes. To inform the analysis, we use qualitative data from key informant interviews, interviewing scenario coordinators and a gender and social inclusion expert who was engaged in one of the cases; we also review associated reports and outputs. The results suggest that few scenario-guided planning processes centred gender and social inclusion considerations from an early stage and consistently throughout the interventions, translating often into low diversity of stakeholders and insufficient depth reached in the content produced. A number of common challenges are reported including time, budget, and human resource constraints, as well as existing power and institutional dynamics. The latter includes, for instance, low women's representation in technical organizations or important hierarchical social norms structuring discussions. While the focus on the future can disrupt established modes of doing, the complexity of foresight methods can also undermine effective participation leading to important trade-offs. Innovations in the modes of engagement and parallel processes with diverse groups can be important leverage points for inclusion within policymaking processes.
   Gender and social inclusion should be prioritized from the onset and integrated at different stages of scenario-guided planning processes, notably by allocating more time, human, and financial resources to ensure inclusiveness.Parallel consultations among diverse organizations and groups can provide effective spaces for often-sidelined or marginalized groups' interests and needs to be integrated into policy decision-making given the existing power structures that regulate access to many workshops and related discussions. Multi-scale engagements with different networks also help deepen understanding and reconcile gaps across scales of decision-making (e.g. from local level to national level).Practitioners should further their use of foresight processes and development of tools and methods for integrating gender and social inclusion in these as part of the policy process, as well as strengthen the capacities, expertise, and role of conveners.Promotion and dissemination of existing gender and social inclusion research and documentation as well as support for learning and reflection to refine identified leverage points can lead to improved success.
C1 [Marty, Edwige; Trautman, Sabrina; Cramer, Laura] Int Livestock Res Inst, Nairobi, Kenya.
   [Marty, Edwige] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, As, Norway.
   [Segnon, Alcade C.] Int Ctr Trop Agr CIAT, Dakar, Senegal.
   [Segnon, Alcade C.] Univ Abomey Calavi, Fac Agron Sci, Cotonou, Benin.
   [Tui, Sabine Homann-Kee] Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Lilongwe, Malawi.
   [Tui, Sabine Homann-Kee] Int Ctr Trop Agr CIAT, Lilongwe, Malawi.
   [Huyer, Sophia] Int Livestock Res Inst, Dakar, Senegal.
   [Mapedza, Everisto] Int Water Management Inst IWMI, Pretoria, South Africa.
C3 CGIAR; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI); Norwegian
   University of Life Sciences; University of Abomey Calavi; CGIAR;
   International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid-Tropics
   (ICRISAT); Alliance; International Center for Tropical Agriculture -
   CIAT; CGIAR; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI); CGIAR;
   International Water Management Institute (IWMI)
RP Marty, E (corresponding author), Int Livestock Res Inst, Nairobi, Kenya.; Marty, E (corresponding author), Norwegian Univ Life Sci, As, Norway.
EM edwige.mty@gmail.com
RI Mapedza, Everisto/AAQ-5503-2020; Huyer, Sophia/IAN-7280-2023; Segnon,
   Alcade C./L-3908-2016
OI Huyer, Sophia/0000-0001-6267-8667; Segnon, Alcade C./0000-0001-9751-120X
FU This paper was developed as part of the 'Accelerating Impacts of CGIAR
   Climate Research for Africa (AICCRA)' project, funded by the
   International Development Association (IDA) of the World Bank, Grant No.
   D7540. Views expressed in this document cannot be t [D7540];
   International Development Association (IDA) of the World Bank
FX This paper was developed as part of the 'Accelerating Impacts of CGIAR
   Climate Research for Africa (AICCRA)' project, funded by the
   International Development Association (IDA) of the World Bank, Grant No.
   D7540. Views expressed in this document cannot be taken to reflect the
   official opinions of these organizations. We are thankful to the
   interviewees who gave their time to provide material for this study and
   reflect with us. Any error remains solely our own.
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NR 62
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 10
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1469-3062
EI 1752-7457
J9 CLIM POLICY
JI Clim. Policy
PD SEP 13
PY 2024
VL 24
IS 8
BP 1034
EP 1049
DI 10.1080/14693062.2023.2268042
EA NOV 2023
PG 16
WC Environmental Studies; Public Administration
WE Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration
GA D1P2Q
UT WOS:001104099900001
OA hybrid, Green Accepted
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Menon, M
AF Menon, Manjula
TI Assessing the habitat suitability of paddy fields for avian indicators
   based on hydropedological parameters of the wet agricultural soil along
   the Cauvery delta basin, India
SO PADDY AND WATER ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Agriculture; Avian indicators; Hydropedological; Delta region
ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS; MICROBIAL BIOMASS;
   ORGANIC-MATTER; BIRDS; BIODIVERSITY; PHOSPHORUS; FERTILITY; LANDSCAPE;
   PATTERNS
AB Paddy fields provide a broad range of habitats to wintering waterbirds as natural wetlands have declined worldwide. However, the intensification of farming practices has altered the microclimates of the wet agricultural soil, the composition of soil invertebrates, thus indirectly affecting the avifauna. This study evaluated the importance of paddy fields as wintering grounds for two avian indicators Asian openbill stork (Anastomus oscitans), and the Black-headed ibis (Threskiornis melanocephalus) along the Cauvery delta basin, widely known as the granary of Tamil Nadu, South India. Several stretches of this agricultural belt have recorded a drastic reduction in crop cover thereby threatening the species that forage these mosaics. This entire delta region is under threat and is increasingly shrinking due to indiscriminate sand mining activities causing irreparable damage to soil, fauna, and agriculture. The erratic monsoons have forced wading species to initiate long migrations in response to climatic adaptations, thus impairing the existing population. The present study focused on the abundance patterns of two wading birds and their association with the hydropedological parameters of the flooded soil along the deltaic dynamic mosaic. The relative abundance of the avifauna was documented for 24 months using unlimited radius point counts. The hydropedological parameters recorded were pH, electrical conductivity, total alkalinity, calcium carbonate, organic matter, total organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, chloride, sodium, magnesium, calcium, sulfur, moisture, the particle size distribution of sand, silt and clay, water holding capacity, and bulk density. The results indicate that paddy fields are excellent habitat forA. oscitansandT. melanocephalusand are strongly influenced by landscape characteristics, availability of feeding grounds, and hydropedological parameters of the wet soil. Among the hydropedological parameters, organic matter and nitrogen exhibited a negative correlation and the percent silt content showed a positive correlation toA. oscitans.Similarly, T. melanocephalusshowed a negative correlation to chloride and sodium, and a positive correlation to nitrogen. The contrasting effects of hydropedological parameters could be explained by differential thermal tolerance levels and metabolic requirements of the species or may be mediated by changes in the macrofaunal composition. The wet agricultural soil exhibited fewer differences across salinity classes, particle size distribution especially silt and clay, organic matter, total organic carbon, pH and bulk density, and greater differences among calcium content, water holding capacity, the particle size distribution of sand, and electrical conductivity across delta zones. Our study highlights the need to consider hydropedological factors of the wet paddy soil when selecting conservation sites on agro-landscapes for migratory wetland birds. Agricultural policies should aim at considering these cultural landscapes along the delta region as high nature value avian farmlands under the protected agricultural Cauvery zone network to sustain biodiversity and vital ecosystem services of birds in the paddy fields.
C1 [Menon, Manjula] Bharathidasan Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Management, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India.
C3 Bharathidasan University
RP Menon, M (corresponding author), Bharathidasan Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Management, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India.
EM manj.mn@gmail.com
FU University Grants Commission (UGC), Government of India
FX This work was supported by University Grants Commission (UGC),
   Government of India.
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Z9 3
U1 4
U2 26
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1611-2490
EI 1611-2504
J9 PADDY WATER ENVIRON
JI Paddy Water Environ.
PD JAN
PY 2021
VL 19
IS 1
BP 11
EP 22
DI 10.1007/s10333-020-00816-5
EA SEP 2020
PG 12
WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Agriculture
GA PS9FP
UT WOS:000568158900001
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Huang, X
   Yin, JB
   Slater, LJ
   Kang, SY
   He, SK
   Liu, P
AF Huang, Xi
   Yin, Jiabo
   Slater, Louise J.
   Kang, Shengyu
   He, Shaokun
   Liu, Pan
TI Global Projection of Flood Risk With a Bivariate Framework Under
   1.5-3.0°C Warming Levels
SO EARTHS FUTURE
LA English
DT Article
DE flood; hydrological projection; climate change; bivariate analysis
ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; FREQUENCY-ANALYSIS; STREAMFLOW EXTREMES; NATURAL
   DISASTERS; MODEL; RUNOFF; IMPACTS; HAZARD; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION;
   UNCERTAINTY
AB Global warming increases the atmospheric water-holding capacity, consequently altering the frequency, and intensity of extreme hydrological events. River floods characterized by large peak flow or prolonged duration can amplify the risk of social disruption and affect ecosystem stability. However, previous studies have mostly focused on univariate flood magnitude characteristics, such as flood peak or volume, and there is still limited understanding of how these joint flood characteristics (i.e., magnitude and duration) might co-evolve under different warming levels. Here, we develop a systematical bivariate framework to project future flood risk in 11,528 catchments across the globe. By constructing the joint distribution of flood peak and duration with copulas, we examine global flood risk with a bivariate framework under varying levels of global warming (i.e., within a range of 1.5-3.0 degrees C above pre-industrial levels). The flood projections are produced by driving five calibrated lumped hydrological models (HMs) using the simulations with bias adjustment of five global climate models (GCMs) under three shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP126, SSP370, and SSP585). On average, global warming from 1.5 to 3.0 degrees C tends to amplify flood peak and lengthen flood duration across almost all continents, but changes are not unidirectional and vary regionally around the globe. The joint return period (JRP) of the historical (1985-2014) 50-year flood event is projected to decrease to a median with 36 years under a medium emission pathway at the 1.5 degrees C warming level. Finally, we evaluate the drivers of these JRP changes in the future climate and quantify the uncertainty arising from the different GCMs, SSPs, and HMs. Our findings highlight the importance of limiting greenhouse gas emission to slow down global warming and developing climate adaptation strategies to address future flood hazards.
   Floods with large peak flow or prolonged duration can have considerable impacts on infrastructure and ecosystems, and may become more severe in a warmer planet. However, due to the complex interplay between the climate system and hydrological processes, our understanding of future flood risk remains limited. We use copula-based approach to establish the joint distribution of flood peak and duration to examine future flood risk under varying levels of global warming. The results show that most catchments across the globe are likely to experience heightened flood risk in response to climate change, with an amplification effect on flood risk as temperature increases from 1.5 to 3.0 degrees C. Our findings emphasize the urgency of limiting greenhouse gas emission to adapt to future flood hazards under global climate change.
   We project future daily streamflow by a cascade model chain in 11,528 catchments across the globe We evaluate shifts in future global flood risk with a copula-based framework under different warming levels Global warming from 1.5 to 3.0 degrees C has a significant impact on flood intensification, with an amplification effect on flood peak and duration
C1 [Huang, Xi; Yin, Jiabo; Kang, Shengyu; He, Shaokun; Liu, Pan] Wuhan Univ, State Key Lab Water Resources Engn & Management, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
   [Slater, Louise J.] Univ Oxford, Sch Geog & Environm, Oxford, England.
C3 Wuhan University; University of Oxford
RP Yin, JB; He, SK (corresponding author), Wuhan Univ, State Key Lab Water Resources Engn & Management, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
EM jboyn@whu.edu.cn; he_shaokun@whu.edu.cn
RI Slater, Louise/KII-9281-2024
FU The National Natural Science Foundation of China [52361145864,
   52261145744, MR/V022008/1]; National Natural Science Foundation of China
   [NE/S015728/1]; NERC; NERC [NE/S015728/1] Funding Source: UKRI
FX J.Y. acknowledges support from the National Natural Science Foundation
   of China (Grants 52361145864; 52261145744). L.S. is supported by UKRI
   (MR/V022008/1) and NERC (NE/S015728/1). The numerical calculations in
   this paper have been done on the supercomputing system in the
   Supercomputing Center of Wuhan University.
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NR 110
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 19
U2 29
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
EI 2328-4277
J9 EARTHS FUTURE
JI Earth Future
PD APR
PY 2024
VL 12
IS 4
AR e2023EF004312
DI 10.1029/2023EF004312
PG 19
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
   Atmospheric Sciences
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
   Sciences
GA MT5A9
UT WOS:001195888400001
OA Green Published, gold
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Woods, DP
   Li, WY
   Sibout, R
   Shao, MQ
   Laudencia-Chingcuanco, D
   Vogel, JP
   Dubcovsky, J
   Amasino, RM
AF Woods, Daniel P.
   Li, Weiya
   Sibout, Richard P.
   Shao, Mingqin
   Laudencia-Chingcuanco, Debbie M.
   Vogel, John P.
   Dubcovsky, Jorge
   Amasino, Richard M.
TI PHYTOCHROME C regulation of photoperiodic flowering via
   <i>PHOTOPERIOD1</i> is mediated by <i>EARLY FLOWERING 3</i> in
   <i>Brachypodium distachyon</i>
SO PLOS GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
ID PSEUDO-RESPONSE-REGULATOR; CIRCADIAN CLOCK; NATURAL VARIATION; WHEAT;
   PROTEIN; GENE; TIME; ENCODES; LIGHT; ELF3
AB Daylength sensing in many plants is critical for coordinating the timing of flowering with the appropriate season. Temperate climate-adapted grasses such as Brachypodium distachyon flower during the spring when days are becoming longer. The photoreceptor PHYTOCHROME C is essential for long-day (LD) flowering in B. distachyon. PHYC is required for the LD activation of a suite of genes in the photoperiod pathway including PHOTOPERIOD1 (PPD1) that, in turn, result in the activation of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT1)/FLORIGEN, which causes flowering. Thus, B. distachyon phyC mutants are extremely delayed in flowering. Here we show that PHYC-mediated activation of PPD1 occurs via EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3), a component of the evening complex in the circadian clock. The extreme delay of flowering of the phyC mutant disappears when combined with an elf3 loss-of-function mutation. Moreover, the dampened PPD1 expression in phyC mutant plants is elevated in phyC/elf3 mutant plants consistent with the rapid flowering of the double mutant. We show that loss of PPD1 function also results in reduced FT1 expression and extremely delayed flowering consistent with results from wheat and barley. Additionally, elf3 mutant plants have elevated expression levels of PPD1, and we show that overexpression of ELF3 results in delayed flowering associated with a reduction of PPD1 and FT1 expression, indicating that ELF3 represses PPD1 transcription consistent with previous studies showing that ELF3 binds to the PPD1 promoter. Indeed, PPD1 is the main target of ELF3-mediated flowering as elf3/ppd1 double mutant plants are delayed flowering. Our results indicate that ELF3 operates downstream from PHYC and acts as a repressor of PPD1 in the photoperiod flowering pathway of B. distachyon.
   Author summaryDaylength is an important environmental cue that plants and animals use to coordinate important life history events with a proper season. In plants, timing of flowering to a particular season is an essential adaptation to many ecological niches. Perceiving changes in daylength starts with the perception of light via specific photoreceptors such as phytochromes. In temperate grasses, how daylength perception is integrated into downstream pathways to trigger flowering is not fully understood. However, some of the components involved in the translation of daylength perception into the induction of flowering in temperate grasses have been identified from studies of natural variation. For example, specific alleles of two genes called EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3) and PHOTOPERIOD1 (PPD1) have been selected during breeding of different wheat and barley varieties to modulate the photoperiodic response to maximize reproduction in different environments. Here, we show in the temperate grass model Brachypodium distachyon that the translation of the light signal perceived by phytochromes into a flowering response is mediated by ELF3, and that PPD1 is genetically downstream of ELF3 in the photoperiodic flowering pathway. These results provide a genetic framework for understanding the photoperiodic response in temperate grasses that include agronomically important crops such as wheat, oats, barley, and rye.
C1 [Woods, Daniel P.; Dubcovsky, Jorge] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
   [Woods, Daniel P.; Dubcovsky, Jorge] Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 USA.
   [Li, Weiya; Amasino, Richard M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   [Sibout, Richard P.] Inst Jean Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRAE AgroParisTech, Versailles, France.
   [Sibout, Richard P.] INRAE, UR1268 BIA, Nantes, France.
   [Shao, Mingqin; Vogel, John P.] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Berkeley, CA USA.
   [Laudencia-Chingcuanco, Debbie M.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA USA.
   [Amasino, Richard M.] Univ Wisconsin, US Dept Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53726 USA.
C3 University of California System; University of California Davis; Howard
   Hughes Medical Institute; University of Wisconsin System; University of
   Wisconsin Madison; Universite Paris Saclay; INRAE; INRAE; United States
   Department of Energy (DOE); United States Department of Agriculture
   (USDA); University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
RP Woods, DP (corresponding author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA.; Woods, DP (corresponding author), Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 USA.; Amasino, RM (corresponding author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53706 USA.; Amasino, RM (corresponding author), Univ Wisconsin, US Dept Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53726 USA.
EM dpwoods@ucdavis.edu; amasino@biochem.wisc.edu
RI Vogel, John/B-3176-2009; LI, WEIYA/AAB-5197-2020
OI Woods, Daniel/0000-0002-1498-5707; Laudencia-Chingcuanco,
   Debbie/0000-0002-9192-8255; Li, Weiya/0000-0002-6106-8530
FU US National Science Foundation [IOS-1755224]; Great Lakes Bioenergy
   Research Center, US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of
   Biological and Environmental Research [DE-SC0018409]; Office of Science
   of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; USDA-ARS CRIS
   Project [2030-21430-014D]; HHMI
FX This work was funded in part by the US National Science Foundation
   (Award IOS-1755224 to RMA) and by the Great Lakes Bioenergy Research
   Center, US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological
   and Environmental Research (Award No. DE-SC0018409). The work from JPV,
   RS, and MS (proposal: 10.46936/10.25585/60001041) conducted by the U.S.
   Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (https://ror.org/04xm1d337),
   a DOE Office of Science User Facility, is supported by the Office of
   Science of the U.S. Department of Energy operated under Contract No.
   DE-AC02-05CH11231. DPW was a Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI)
   Fellow of the Life Sciences Research Foundation which supported the work
   while in Jorge Dubcovsky's lab and paid his salary. JD was funded by
   HHMI. DLC is funded by USDA-ARS CRIS Project 2030-21430-014D. The
   funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis,
   decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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NR 79
TC 11
Z9 12
U1 5
U2 28
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1553-7404
J9 PLOS GENET
JI PLoS Genet.
PD MAY
PY 2023
VL 19
IS 5
AR e1010706
DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010706
PG 20
WC Genetics & Heredity
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA F8ZW1
UT WOS:000985184300002
PM 37163541
OA gold, Green Published
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Eberhart, N
AF Eberhart, Nick
TI State Climate Suits: The Case for a Limited Remedy
SO ECOLOGY LAW QUARTERLY
LA English
DT Article
AB In 2017, the cities of Oakland and San Francisco filed suit in California state court against BP, Shell, Chevron, ConocoPhillips, and ExxonMobil. The complaint asserted a claim of public nuisance and alleged that the energy company defendants had created or contributed to climate change by producing and promoting fossil fuel products for decades. Plaintiffs requested an abatement fund to construct infrastructure to adapt to climate harms such as sea level rise. In the short period since Oakland v. BP was filed, over a dozen cities, counties, and states have brought climate suits against energy companies in state courts. The Oakland plaintiffs have filed what this Note refers to as a "limited remedy case" that includes a single public nuisance claim and seeks abatement funding. Many other local governments have brought "expansive remedy cases" that include a number of claims and seek damages, abatement funding, and other remedies.
   This Note considers these two different models of state law climate suits in the context of past and current climate litigation as well as litigation involving other widespread societal harms. It traces the development of this group of state law suits, referred to by scholars as a "second wave," from an unsuccessful "first wave" of climate suits brought in federal court. This first wave ended when federal courts held that the Clean Air Act displaced federal common law suits for climate harms, without determining whether state common law suits were preempted. Energy company defendants have attempted to replicate these first wave outcomes by removing the second wave cases to federal courts. In a trio of cases in 2020, federal appeals courts allowed three second wave suits, including Oakland, to remain in state courts. The Supreme Court, however, recently decided one of those cases by allowing broader federal court review, potentially jeopardizing plaintiffs' cases. The case will return to the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals for review of the defendants' other grounds for removal. While the Supreme Court case was pending and with the Fourth Circuit case on the horizon, local governments have continued filing climate suits as part of a broader spectrum of climate litigation.
   During the same period that second wave suits have been litigated, other groups of plaintiffs have filed constitutional cases such as Juliana v. United States against governments and corporate law cases against energy companies. This Note contrasts the goals of local government plaintiffs with those of these other plaintiffs and discusses the traditional role of local governments as protectors of resident health and welfare. Additionally, it analyzes potential drawbacks of suits pursuing a number of remedies, including judicial hesitancy and difficulty of proving additional tort law elements. Finally, the Note discusses past cases that have successfully used public nuisance to address widespread environmental and public health harms from products such as lead paint and opioids. The Note argues that local governments should pursue limited remedy cases as they align with the traditional role of local governments, avoid the pitfalls of expansive remedy cases, and are modeled after successful cases that have obtained abatement funding for widespread harms.
C1 [Eberhart, Nick] Harvard Law Sch, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
C3 Harvard University
RP Eberhart, N (corresponding author), Harvard Law Sch, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
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PU UNIV CALIFORNIA,  BERKELEY SCH LAW
PI BERKELEY
PA BOAT HALL, 588 SIMON HALL, BERKELEY, CA 94720-7200 USA
SN 0046-1121
J9 ECOL LAW QUART
JI Ecol. Law Q.
PY 2021
VL 48
IS 2
BP 311
EP 348
DI 10.15779/Z389S1KM2M
PG 38
WC Environmental Studies; Law
WE Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Government & Law
GA VM2HV
UT WOS:000980937800003
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Wang, SY
   Hrachowitz, M
   Schoups, G
AF Wang, Siyuan
   Hrachowitz, Markus
   Schoups, Gerrit
TI Multi-decadal fluctuations in root zone storage capacity through
   vegetation adaptation to hydro-climatic variability have minor effects
   on the hydrological response in the Neckar River basin, Germany
SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID LAND-USE; SOIL-MOISTURE; MONTHLY PRECIPITATION; MODEL PARAMETERS; WATER;
   EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; CATCHMENT; STREAMFLOW; PLANTS; DEFORESTATION
AB Climatic variability can considerably affect catchment-scale root zone storage capacity (S-umax), which is a critical factor regulating latent heat fluxes and thus the moisture exchange between land and atmosphere as well as the hydrological response and biogeochemical processes in terrestrial hydrological systems. However, direct quantification of changes in Sumax over long time periods and the mechanistic drivers thereof at the catchment scale are missing so far. As a consequence, it remains unclear how climatic variability, such as precipitation regime or canopy water demand, affects Sumax and how fluctuations in Sumax may influence the partitioning of water fluxes and therefore also affect the hydrological response at the catchment scale. Based on long-term daily hydrological records (1953-2022) in the upper Neckar River basin in Germany, we found that variability in hydro-climatic conditions, with an aridity index IA (i.e. EP/P) ranging between similar to 0.9 and 1.1 over multiple consecutive 20-year periods, was accompanied by deviations Delta IE between -0.02 and 0.01 from the expected IE inferred from the long-term parametric Budyko curve. Similarly, fluctuations in Sumax, ranging between similar to 95 and 115 mm or similar to 20 %, were observed over the same time period. While uncorrelated with long-term mean precipitation and potential evaporation, it was shown that the magnitude of Sumax is controlled by the ratio of winter precipitation to summer precipitation (p < 0.05). In other words, Sumax in the study region does not depend on the overall wetness condition as for example expressed by IA, but rather on how water supply by precipitation is distributed over the year. However, fluctuations in Sumax were found to be uncorrelated with observed changes in Delta IE. Consequently, replacing a long-term average, time-invariant estimate of Sumax with a time-variable, dynamically changing formulation of that parameter in a hydrological model did not result in an improved representation of the long-term partitioning of water fluxes, as expressed by I-E (and fluctuations Delta I-E thereof), or in an improved representation of the shorter-term response dynamics. Overall, this study provides quantitative mechanistic evidence that S-umax changes significantly over multiple decades, reflecting vegetation adaptation to climatic variability. However, this temporal evolution of S-umax cannot explain long-term fluctuations in the partitioning of water (and thus latent heat) fluxes as expressed by deviations Delta I-E from the parametric Budyko curve over multiple time periods with different climatic conditions. Similarly, it does not have any significant effects on shorter-term hydrological response characteristics of the upper Neckar catchment. This further suggests that accounting for the temporal evolution of Sumax with a time-variable formulation of that parameter in a hydrological model does not improve its ability to reproduce the hydrological response and may therefore be of minor importance for predicting the effects of a changing climate on the hydrological response in the study region over the next decades to come.
C1 [Wang, Siyuan; Hrachowitz, Markus; Schoups, Gerrit] Delft Univ Technol, Fac Civil Engn & Geosci, Dept Water Management, Stevinweg 1, NL-2628 CN Delft, Netherlands.
C3 Delft University of Technology
RP Wang, SY (corresponding author), Delft Univ Technol, Fac Civil Engn & Geosci, Dept Water Management, Stevinweg 1, NL-2628 CN Delft, Netherlands.
EM s.wang-9@tudelft.nl
OI Hrachowitz, Markus/0000-0003-0508-1017
FU China Scholarship Council (CSC)
FX We gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the China
   Scholarship Council (CSC).
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NR 104
TC 3
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U1 4
U2 4
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1027-5606
EI 1607-7938
J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC
JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.
PD SEP 3
PY 2024
VL 28
IS 17
BP 4011
EP 4033
DI 10.5194/hess-28-4011-2024
PG 23
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Geology; Water Resources
GA E6L1D
UT WOS:001304090500001
OA gold
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Marginean, I
   Cuaresma, JC
   Hoffmann, R
   Muttarak, R
   Gao, J
   Daloz, AS
AF Marginean, I.
   Cuaresma, J. Crespo
   Hoffmann, R.
   Muttarak, R.
   Gao, J.
   Daloz, Anne Sophie
TI High-Resolution Modeling and Projecting Local Dynamics of Differential
   Vulnerability to Urban Heat Stress
SO EARTHS FUTURE
LA English
DT Article
DE heat stress; vulnerability; climate risk; cities; climate adaptation
ID MORTALITY; TEMPERATURE; EDUCATION
AB Climate change-induced heat stress has significant effects on human health, and is influenced by a wide variety of factors. Most assessments of future heat-related risks however are based on coarse resolution projections of heat hazards and overlook the contribution of relevant factors other than climate change to the negative impacts on health. Research highlights sociodemographic disparities related to heat stress vulnerability, especially among older adults, women and individuals with low socioeconomic status, leading to higher morbidity and mortality rates. There is thus an urgent need for detailed, local information on demographic characteristics underlying vulnerability with refined spatial resolution. This study aims to address the research gaps by presenting a new population projection exercise at high-resolution based on the Bayesian modeling framework for the case study of Madrid, using demographic data under the scenarios compatible with the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. We examine the spatial and temporal distribution of population subgroups at the intra-urban level within Madrid. Our findings reveal a concentration of vulnerable populations, as measured by their age, sex and educational attainment level in some of the city's most disadvantaged neighborhoods. These vulnerable clusters are projected to widen in the future unless a sustainable trajectory is realized, driving vulnerability dynamics toward a more uniform and resilient change. These results can guide local adaptation efforts and support climate justice initiatives to protect vulnerable communities in urban environments.
   Heat stress is a major risk factor for human health, especially in cities where more people are exposed to increasingly higher temperatures in summer. Cities are usually hotter than their surrounding rural areas due to the predominance of dark, impervious surfaces which absorb more heat. Assessing heat risks for public health requires measurements of the hazard, such as a prolonged period with high temperatures, the population exposed to the hazard and characteristics of populations that make them more vulnerable to heat related diseases or even death. Various approaches and tools for risk assessment have been developed, but most of them focus on the hazard and exposure components. In this paper, we measure and project vulnerability to heat stress in alternative scenarios, using different population characteristics, such as age, sex and education. Our results show that there are compelling differences between areas within the city of Madrid and that areas that are vulnerable today will become even more vulnerable unless we follow a path of sustainable development. Detailed assessments of the spatial distribution of vulnerability within a city are relevant for developing adaptation solutions that target vulnerable populations and are thus more effective in reducing heat-related risks.
   Population projections by age, sex and education at small-area levels allow for high-resolution heat vulnerability modeling Vulnerability to heat stress can vary widely between different areas in a city, and even within a single neighborhood Areas that are vulnerable today are projected to become even more vulnerable in all Shared Socioeconomic Pathway scenarios except for that assuming a sustainable development narrative
C1 [Marginean, I.; Daloz, Anne Sophie] CICERO Ctr Int Climate Res, Oslo, Norway.
   [Marginean, I.] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Meteorol & Oceanog Sect, Oslo, Norway.
   [Cuaresma, J. Crespo] WU Vienna Univ Econ & Business, Dept Econ, Vienna, Austria.
   [Cuaresma, J. Crespo; Hoffmann, R.] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
   [Cuaresma, J. Crespo] Austrian Inst Econ Res, Vienna, Austria.
   [Muttarak, R.] Univ Bologna, Dept Stat Sci Paolo Fortunati, Bologna, Italy.
   [Gao, J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Geog & Spatial Sci, Newark, DE USA.
   [Gao, J.] Univ Delaware, Data Sci Inst, Newark, DE USA.
C3 University of Oslo; Vienna University of Economics & Business;
   International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA); University
   of Bologna; University of Delaware; University of Delaware
RP Marginean, I (corresponding author), CICERO Ctr Int Climate Res, Oslo, Norway.; Marginean, I (corresponding author), Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Meteorol & Oceanog Sect, Oslo, Norway.
EM iulia.marginean@cicero.oslo.no
OI Crespo Cuaresma, Jesus/0000-0003-3244-6560; Gao,
   Jing/0000-0003-1778-8909
FU Polish National Science Center in collaboration with the Research
   Council of Norway [2014-2021]; Research Council of Norway
   [2019/35/J/HS6/03992]; B&C Privatstiftung
FX The authors would like to thank Paloma Yanez for liaising with and
   gathering data from the Municipal Statistics Service in Madrid; to Nina
   Schuhen for advising on approaches to integrate the raw datasets on age
   and education and not last, to Eilif Ursin Reed for the stylizing Figure
   1 of the manuscript. This research is part of the EmCliC project:
   Embodying Climate Change: Transdisciplinary Research on Urban
   Overheating-. The project is funded from the EEA grants 2014-2021 under
   the Basic Research Programme operated by the Polish National Science
   Centre in cooperation with the Research Council of Norway (Grant
   2019/35/J/HS6/03992). Jesus Crespo Cuaresma acknowledges support from
   the eXplore! initiative, funded by the B&C Privatstiftung and Michael
   Tojner. ChatGPT, version 4 was used in the final editing and English
   proofing of some sections of this manuscript.
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NR 73
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 8
U2 8
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
EI 2328-4277
J9 EARTHS FUTURE
JI Earth Future
PD OCT
PY 2024
VL 12
IS 10
AR e2024EF004431
DI 10.1029/2024EF004431
PG 18
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
   Atmospheric Sciences
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
   Sciences
GA H9M8T
UT WOS:001326611200001
OA gold
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Kyojo, EA
   Mirau, S
   Osima, SE
   Masanja, VG
AF Kyojo, Erick A.
   Mirau, Silas
   Osima, Sarah E.
   Masanja, Verdiana G.
TI Modeling non-stationarity in extreme rainfall data and implications for
   climate adaptation: A case study from southern highlands region of
   Tanzania
SO SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN
LA English
DT Article
DE Modeling; Extreme rainfall; Generalized extreme value; Climate change;
   Intensity-duration-frequency; Stationary; Non-stationary
ID INDIAN-OCEAN DIPOLE; NONSTATIONARY FREQUENCY-ANALYSIS; URBAN AEROSOL
   IMPACTS; PRECIPITATION EVENTS; MAXIMUM; INTENSITY; DURATION;
   VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURE; ENSO
AB The Southern Highlands region of Tanzania has witnessed an increased frequency of severe flash floods. This study examines rainfall data of four stations (Iringa, Mbeya, Rukwa, and Ruvuma) spanning 30 years (1991-2020) to investigate drivers of extreme rainfall and non-stationarity behavior. The Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) model, commonly used in hydrological studies, assumes constant distribution parameters, which may not be true due to climate variability, potentially leading to bias in extreme quantile estimation. Recent studies have introduced a technique for constructing non-stationary Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) rainfall curves. The method incorporates trends in the parameters of the GEV distribution, only using time as a covariate. However, uncertainty exists about whether time is the most suitable covariate, highlighting the need to explore all potential covariates for modeling non-stationarity. The aim of this study is to assess the influence of other time-varying covariates on extreme daily rainfall events, considering seasonality and climate change in the rainfall data. Specifically, five processes (i.e., local temperature changes (LTC), urbanization, annual Global Temperature Anomaly (GTA), the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), and the El Ni & ntilde;o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle) were studied as drivers of extreme rainfall events. Sixty two non-stationary GEV models are developed based on these covariates and their combinations, alongside two non-stationary GEV models using the time covariate to capture the seasonality of the unimodal rainfall in the region, and one stationary GEV model (S0). With the use of corrected Akaike Information Criterion (AICc), the best model for each duration (i.e., 1-, 3-, and 5-days) of rainfall series is chosen. Results indicate that local processes (i.e., LTC and urbanization) are the optimal covariates for 1 day-duration rainfall, while global processes (i.e, IOD, ENSO cycle, and GTA) are identified as the most suitable covariates for 3, and 5 day-duration rainfall across all stations. The identified best non-stationary model (with their best covariates) are then used to develop non-stationary rainfall IDF curves for all stations. According to the analysis of non-stationary extreme values, the return periods of extreme rainfall events concluded a notable decrease in comparison to the stationary approach. The study also revealed strong correlations between global climate indices (ENSO, IOD, GTA) and long-duration extreme rainfall in Tanzania's Southern Highlands. Local factors like Urbanization and temperature changes also show significant associations with 1-day duration events. These findings emphasize the need for integrated climate forecasting to inform effective adaptation strategies. Finally, the study addresses associated uncertainties in our predictions of forthcoming extreme rainfall events through rigorous analysis. The study demonstrated that return levels for extreme rainfall events exhibit a rising trend with increasing return period, indicating heightened intensity over longer time spans, whereas, a relative uncertainty analysis illustrate escalating uncertainty with increasing return periods, emphasizing challenges in long-term prediction.
C1 [Kyojo, Erick A.; Mirau, Silas; Masanja, Verdiana G.] Nelson Mandela African Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Appl Math & Computat Sci, POB 447, Arusha, Tanzania.
   [Osima, Sarah E.] Tanzania Meteorol Author TMA, POB 3056, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
   [Kyojo, Erick A.] Univ Dar es Salaam, Mkwawa Univ Coll Educ MUCE, POB 2513, Iringa, Tanzania.
C3 Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science & Technology; University
   of Dar es Salaam
RP Kyojo, EA (corresponding author), Nelson Mandela African Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Appl Math & Computat Sci, POB 447, Arusha, Tanzania.
EM kyojoe@nm-aist.ac.tz
RI MASANJA, Verdiana Grace/AAN-4403-2020
OI MASANJA, Verdiana Grace/0000-0003-4844-9133; Appolinary Kyojo,
   Erick/0009-0001-1678-5899
FX The authors acknowledge TMA for providing data used in this study
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NR 91
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 4
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 2468-2276
J9 SCI AFR
JI Sci. Afr.
PD SEP
PY 2024
VL 25
AR e02321
DI 10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02321
EA JUL 2024
PG 23
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
WE Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI)
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA ZO1Y1
UT WOS:001276159200001
OA gold
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Ren, Y
   Yu, HP
   Huang, JP
   Peng, M
   Zhou, J
AF Ren, Yu
   Yu, Haipeng
   Huang, Jianping
   Peng, Ming
   Zhou, Jie
TI The Projected Response of the Water Cycle to Global Warming Over
   Drylands in East Asia
SO EARTHS FUTURE
LA English
DT Article
DE water cycle; drylands in East Asia; moisture budget; Budyko-Penman
   budget
ID SOIL-MOISTURE; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; POTENTIAL
   EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; SUMMER MONSOON; PRECIPITATION; LAND; CO2;
   INTENSIFICATION; HYDROCLIMATE
AB Climate change exacerbates the threat of water scarcity over the drylands in East Asia (DEA), the world's most densely populated arid region. The water cycle continuously supplies water to support all life. Previous studies have focused on the change in individual hydrological components over DEA; however, how the projected water cycle changes under climate warming remains unclear. We demonstrate the projected response of the water cycle to global warming in different seasons utilizing the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6. Winter in the DEA presents an intensification of the water cycle, reflected in coherent increases in evapotranspiration (E), precipitation (P), runoff, and surface soil moisture. In contrast, summer will experience a weakened water cycle in the northwestern DEA, while the southeastern part exhibits the opposite trend. From the surface and atmospheric water balance perspective, we further attribute the changes in E and P to gain a more comprehensive understanding. The increasing E is attributed to the combined effects of P and the vapor pressure deficit during summer, whereas it is dominated by P in winter. The increased P in summer is primarily attributed to the horizontal dynamic and vertical thermodynamic components associated with the strengthening and westward expansion of East Asia summer monsoon in the future. During winter, the increased P is mainly due to the vertical dynamic and horizontal thermodynamic components associated with the enhancement of vertical ascending motion and increased moisture.
   Water scarcity threatens 1-2 billion people living in drylands worldwide, with drylands in East Asia (DEA) having the largest population. Future climate change can alter the availability of water resources by altering the water cycle. Therefore, analyzing the water cycle's response to global warming during both summer and winter is vital for water management and climate adaptation, particularly in DEA. Under a high-emissions scenario, winter will experience an intensified water cycle, manifested as coherent increases in evapotranspiration (E), precipitation (P), runoff, and surface soil moisture. In summer, a weakened water cycle is anticipated in northwestern DEA, while southeastern DEA is expected to show the opposite trend. Furthermore, we offer a quantitative attribution of the response of E and P to global warming to gain a more profound understanding. The attribution of E indicates that the supply of energy and water commonly dominate the increase in E during summer. The attribution of P illustrates that the westward expansion of the monsoon with enhanced southeastern winds favors increased P during summer. In winter, strengthened vertical ascending motions and increased water vapor content provide favorable conditions for enhancing P. Water cycle intensification is accompanied by more frequent extreme events, necessitating increased attention.
   Future global warming will intensify the water cycle of drylands in East Asia in winter During summer, evapotranspiration will increase due to precipitation and vapor pressure deficit; in winter, it is dominated by the former In winter and summer, the dominant roles of the dynamic and thermodynamic components influencing future precipitation are different
C1 [Ren, Yu; Peng, Ming; Zhou, Jie] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Atmospher Sci, Lanzhou, Peoples R China.
   [Yu, Haipeng] Chinese Acad Sci, Northwest Inst Ecoenvironm & Resources, Key Lab Land Surface Proc & Climate Change Cold &, Nagqu Plateau Climate & Environm Observat & Res St, Lanzhou, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Jianping] Lanzhou Univ, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Western Ecol Safety, Lanzhou, Peoples R China.
C3 Lanzhou University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou University
RP Yu, HP (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Northwest Inst Ecoenvironm & Resources, Key Lab Land Surface Proc & Climate Change Cold &, Nagqu Plateau Climate & Environm Observat & Res St, Lanzhou, Peoples R China.
EM yuhp@lzb.ac.cn
RI peng, Ming/L-8568-2017; Yu, Haipeng/D-4511-2015; huang,
   jianping/A-6600-2012
OI huang, jianping/0000-0003-2845-797X; Yu, Haipeng/0000-0002-9333-2359
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China; Science and Technology
   Program in Gansu [21JR7RA067, 22ZD6FA005]; Youth Innovation Promotion
   Association CAS [2021427]; Natural Science Basic Research Program of
   Shaanxi [2023-JC-QN-0285];  [41991231];  [42122034];  [42075043]
FX This work was jointly supported by the National Natural Science
   Foundation of China (41991231, 42122034, 42075043), Science and
   Technology Program in Gansu (21JR7RA067, 22ZD6FA005), the Youth
   Innovation Promotion Association CAS (2021427), and Natural Science
   Basic Research Program of Shaanxi (2023-JC-QN-0285).
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NR 86
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 16
U2 38
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
EI 2328-4277
J9 EARTHS FUTURE
JI Earth Future
PD APR
PY 2024
VL 12
IS 4
AR e2023EF004008
DI 10.1029/2023EF004008
PG 22
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
   Atmospheric Sciences
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
   Sciences
GA ME0K3
UT WOS:001191829600001
OA gold
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Kalinowski, T
AF Kalinowski, Thomas
TI The Green Climate Fund and private sector climate finance in the Global
   South
SO CLIMATE POLICY
LA English
DT Article
DE Climate finance; development cooperation; Green Climate Fund; developing
   countries
AB Governments and international organizations are increasingly using public funds to mobilize and leverage private finance for climate projects in the Global South. An important international organization in the effort to mobilize the private sector for financing climate mitigation and adaptation in the Global South is the Green Climate Fund (GCF). The GCF was established under the UNFCCC in 2010 and is the world's largest dedicated multilateral climate fund. The GCF differs from other intergovernmental institutions through its fund-wide inclusion of the private sector, ranging from project design and financing to project implementation. In this paper, we investigate private sector involvement in the GCF through a qualitative exploratory research approach. We ask two main questions: Do private sector projects deliver on their ambitious goals? What are the tensions, if any, between private sector engagement and other principles of the GCF (most importantly the principles of country ownership, mitigation/adaptation balance, transparency, and civil society participation)? This paper argues that private sector involvement does not provide an easy way out of the financial constraints of public climate financing. We show that the GCF fails to deliver on its ambitious goals in private sector engagement for a number of reasons. First, private sector interest in GCF projects is thus far underwhelming. Second, there are strong tradeoffs between private sector projects and the Global Partnership for Effective Development Co-operation (GPEDC) principles of country ownership, transparency, and civil society participation. Third, private sector involvement is creating a mitigation bias within the GCF portfolio. Fourth, while the private sector portfolio is good at channeling funds to particularly vulnerable countries, it does so mostly through large multi-country projects with weak country ownership. Fifth, there is a danger that private climate financing based on loans and equity might add to the debt burden of developing countries, destabilize financial markets, and further increase dependency on the Global North.Key policy insights:The main problem of GCF private sector engagement is lack of interest from the private sector. For now, the GCF will strongly rely on public funds for its mission; thus establishing a strong track record of high impact climate projects should take priority over the promises of mobilizing private financial resources.Given the strong mitigation bias of private sector projects, public sector financing needs to be even more focused on climate adaptation.The GCF needs to ensure that the private sector's short-term interests in profitability do not undermine its own long-term goal of transformational change and development.The GCF needs to make sure that private sector projects are compatible with Global Partnership for Effective Development Co-operation (GPEDC) principles and its own rules on country ownership, transparency, and civil society participation.The GCF needs to pay more attention to building a sound institutional framework to ensure that climate finance does not add to the already existing debt burden, economic dependency, and financial instability of partner countries.
C1 [Kalinowski, Thomas] Ewha Womans Univ, Grad Sch Int Studies, Seoul, South Korea.
   [Kalinowski, Thomas] Res Inst Sustainabil RIFS, Potsdam, Germany.
   [Kalinowski, Thomas] Ewha Womans Univ, Grad Sch Int Studies, 52 Ewhayeodae gil, Seoul 03760, South Korea.
C3 Ewha Womans University; Ewha Womans University
RP Kalinowski, T (corresponding author), Ewha Womans Univ, Grad Sch Int Studies, 52 Ewhayeodae gil, Seoul 03760, South Korea.
EM kalinowski.thomas@gmail.com
RI Kalinowski, Thomas/ABI-4352-2020
OI Kalinowski, Thomas/0000-0002-8334-3337
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NR 69
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 3
U2 11
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1469-3062
EI 1752-7457
J9 CLIM POLICY
JI Clim. Policy
PD MAR 15
PY 2024
VL 24
IS 3
BP 281
EP 296
DI 10.1080/14693062.2023.2276857
EA NOV 2023
PG 16
WC Environmental Studies; Public Administration
WE Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration
GA LU3C0
UT WOS:001107714100001
OA hybrid
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Galanti, D
   Ramos-Cruz, D
   Nunn, A
   Rodríguez-Arévalo, I
   Scheepens, JF
   Becker, C
   Bossdorf, O
AF Galanti, Dario
   Ramos-Cruz, Daniela
   Nunn, Adam
   Rodriguez-Arevalo, Isaac
   Scheepens, J. F.
   Becker, Claude
   Bossdorf, Oliver
TI Genetic and environmental drivers of large-scale epigenetic variation in
   <i>Thlaspi arvense</i>
SO PLOS GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
ID DNA METHYLATION; SEX DETERMINATION; ASSOCIATION; PATTERNS; GENOME;
   PROTEINS; MUTATION; FIELD
AB Natural plant populations often harbour substantial heritable variation in DNA methylation. However, a thorough understanding of the genetic and environmental drivers of this epigenetic variation requires large-scale and high-resolution data, which currently exist only for a few model species. Here, we studied 207 lines of the annual weed Thlaspi arvense (field pennycress), collected across a large latitudinal gradient in Europe and propagated in a common environment. By screening for variation in DNA sequence and DNA methylation using whole-genome (bisulfite) sequencing, we found significant epigenetic population structure across Europe. Average levels of DNA methylation were strongly context-dependent, with highest DNA methylation in CG context, particularly in transposable elements and in intergenic regions. Residual DNA methylation variation within all contexts was associated with genetic variants, which often co-localized with annotated methylation machinery genes but also with new candidates. Variation in DNA methylation was also significantly associated with climate of origin, with methylation levels being higher in warmer regions and lower in more variable climates. Finally, we used variance decomposition to assess genetic versus environmental associations with differentially methylated regions (DMRs). We found that while genetic variation was generally the strongest predictor of DMRs, the strength of environmental associations increased from CG to CHG and CHH, with climate-of-origin as the strongest predictor in about one third of the CHH DMRs. In summary, our data show that natural epigenetic variation in Thlaspi arvense is significantly associated with both DNA sequence and environment of origin, and that the relative importance of the two factors strongly depends on the sequence context of DNA methylation. T. arvense is an emerging biofuel and winter cover crop; our results may hence be relevant for breeding efforts and agricultural practices in the context of rapidly changing environmental conditions.
   Author summary
   Variation within species is an important level of biodiversity, and it is key for future adaptation. Besides variation in DNA sequence, plants also harbour heritable variation in DNA methylation, and we want to understand the evolutionary significance of this epigenetic variation, in particular how much of it is under genetic control, and how much is associated with the environment. We addressed these questions in a high-resolution molecular analysis of 207 lines of the common plant field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense), which we collected across Europe, propagated under standardized conditions, and sequenced for their genetic and epigenetic variation. We found large geographic variation in DNA methylation, associated with both DNA sequence and climate of origin. Genetic variation was generally the stronger predictor of DNA methylation variation, but the strength of environmental association varied between different sequence contexts. Climate-of-origin was the strongest predictor in about one third of the differentially methylated regions in the CHH context, which suggests that epigenetic variation may play a role in the short-term climate adaptation of pennycress. As pennycress is currently being domesticated as a new biofuel and winter cover crop, our results may be relevant also for agriculture, particularly in changing environments.
C1 [Galanti, Dario; Bossdorf, Oliver] Univ Tubingen, Inst Evolut & Ecol, Plant Evolutionary Ecol, Tubingen, Germany.
   [Ramos-Cruz, Daniela; Rodriguez-Arevalo, Isaac; Becker, Claude] Austrian Acad Sci Vienna BioCtr VBC, Gregor Mendel Inst Mol Plant Biol, Vienna, Austria.
   [Ramos-Cruz, Daniela; Rodriguez-Arevalo, Isaac; Becker, Claude] Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Fac Biol, Genet, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany.
   [Nunn, Adam] EcSeq Bioinformat GmbH, Leipzig, Germany.
   [Nunn, Adam] Univ Leipzig, Inst Comp Sci, Leipzig, Germany.
   [Scheepens, J. F.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Fac Biol Sci, Inst Ecol Evolut & Divers, Plant Evolutionary Ecol, Frankfurt, Germany.
C3 Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen; Austrian Academy of Sciences;
   Vienna Biocenter (VBC); Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant
   Biology (GMI); University of Munich; Leipzig University; Goethe
   University Frankfurt
RP Bossdorf, O (corresponding author), Univ Tubingen, Inst Evolut & Ecol, Plant Evolutionary Ecol, Tubingen, Germany.
EM oliver.bossdorf@uni-tuebingen.de
RI Nunn, Adam/AAD-3119-2021; Scheepens, J.F./AAF-7440-2021; Becker,
   Claude/H-9011-2019; Bossdorf, Oliver/A-8328-2008
OI Bossdorf, Oliver/0000-0001-7504-6511; Nunn, Adam/0000-0002-9276-6243;
   Galanti, Dario/0000-0002-6567-1505; Scheepens, J.F./0000-0003-1650-2008;
   Becker, Claude/0000-0003-3406-4670
FU EU [764965]; European Union [716823]; Austrian Academy of Sciences;
   German Research Foundation (DFG) [INST 37/935-1]; European Research
   Council (ERC) [716823] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
FX This work is part of the European Training Network EpiDiverse
   (https://epidiverse.eu), which received funding from the EU Horizon 2020
   program under Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 764965. This
   work was also supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research
   and innovation program via the European Research Council (ERC) Grant
   agreement No. 716823 "FEAR-SAP" to C.B., by the Austrian Academy of
   Sciences and by the German Research Foundation (DFG) through grant no
   INST 37/935-1 FUGG. The funders had no role in study design, data
   collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the
   manuscript.
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NR 78
TC 12
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 24
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1553-7404
J9 PLOS GENET
JI PLoS Genet.
PD OCT
PY 2022
VL 18
IS 10
AR e1010452
DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010452
PG 23
WC Genetics & Heredity
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 8M9VT
UT WOS:000924804400002
PM 36223399
OA Green Published, Green Submitted, gold
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Dullau, S
   Kirmer, A
   Tischew, S
   Holz, F
   Meyer, MH
   Schmidt, A
AF Dullau, Sandra
   Kirmer, Anita
   Tischew, Sabine
   Holz, Falko
   Meyer, Maren Helen
   Schmidt, Annika
TI Effects of fertilizer levels and drought conditions on species assembly
   and biomass production in the restoration of a mesic temperate grassland
   on ex-arable land
SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Arable land; Grassland restoration; Seeding; Native species; Climate
   change; Drought; Fertilizer levels; Biomass production
ID DIVERSITY SEED MIXTURES; SPONTANEOUS SUCCESSION; RE-CREATION; NITROGEN;
   RICH; BIODIVERSITY; COMPETITION; MANAGEMENT; GRASSES; FACILITATION
AB The restoration of degraded arable land to species-rich and functional grasslands by sowing native species has been tested successfully, while studies on restoration considering land use interest and climate change challenges are underrepresented. In this five-year study, we focused on the process of restoring grassland biodiversity and biomass production under different fertilizer levels in the face of several years of under-averaged precipitation. In 2017, we sowed a species and forb-rich native seed mixture to establish a submontane Arrhenatherion grassland. We applied fertilizer treatments (0, 60, 120 kg N ha1 y-1, combined with and without P and K fertilizing) in order to meet local farmers' demands on biomass for hay production with nature conservation goals that aim to promote a highly species-rich and functional grassland community. Our results show that sowing a high-diverse and forbs-rich mixture not only leads to a high species richness, but also to usable aboveground biomass production for animal feeding, even with below-average precipitation. However, the slight decline in species number and cover of sown forbs following the dry period in the first year after sowing indicates the sensitivity of less drought-resistant forbs. Due to the priority effects of sown species, no undesirable species have invaded the sward. The nitrogen treatments shifted the grass-forb ratio, with grasses dominating in the nitrogen enrichment treatments due to their increased competition ability, while forbs dominating in the non-nitrogen enrichment treatments. Biomass production was higher at the first cut than at the second, and non-nitrogen fertilized treatments had a lower biomass production compared to nitrogen fertilized treatments. Both grasses and forbs contributed to drought resilience related to biomass production, but forbs contributed relatively more in the first cut under moderate or no nitrogen fertilization and in the second cut only without nitrogen application. Biomass production was strongly determined by year, and thus precipitation. Under drought conditions, species-rich stands produced sufficient biomass even without nitrogen fertilization. In order to establish and maintain species and forb-rich grasslands on exarable land, nitrogen fertilization should be moderate at most. Six of the 44 sown species, namely Arrhenatherum elatius, Alopecurus pratensis, Dactylis glomerata, Poa pratensis, Centaurea jacea, and Trifolium pratense, contributed significantly to the biomass and could act as matrix species in climate-adapted high-diverse native seed mixtures for our study region.
C1 [Dullau, Sandra; Kirmer, Anita; Tischew, Sabine; Holz, Falko; Meyer, Maren Helen; Schmidt, Annika] Anhalt Univ Appl Sci, Dept Agr Ecotrophol & Landscape Dev, Bernburg, Germany.
   [Holz, Falko] State Agcy Agr & Hort Saxony Anhalt, Saxony Anhalt, Germany.
RP Dullau, S (corresponding author), Anhalt Univ Appl Sci, Dept Agr Ecotrophol & Landscape Dev, Bernburg, Germany.
EM sandra.dullau@hs-anhalt.de
OI Dullau, Sandra/0000-0003-3167-799X; Schmidt, Annika/0000-0002-6414-2505
FU European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD); State of
   Saxony-Anhalt [407.1.2-60128/630116000012, 407.1.8-06128/630119000003,
   407.1.11-60128/630121000019]; Federal Ministry of Education and Research
   [16LW0095]; Open Access Publishing Fund of Anhalt University of Applied
   Sciences
FX Funding was provided by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural
   Development (EAFRD) and the state of Saxony-Anhalt (grant no.
   407.1.2-60128/630116000012, 407.1.8-06128/630119000003,
   407.1.11-60128/630121000019) and by the Federal Ministry of Education
   and Research under grant no. 16LW0095. We acknowledge support by the
   Open Access Publishing Fund of Anhalt University of Applied Sciences.
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NR 112
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 10
U2 22
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
EI 2351-9894
J9 GLOB ECOL CONSERV
JI Glob. Ecol. Conserv.
PD DEC
PY 2023
VL 48
AR e02730
DI 10.1016/j.gecco.2023.e02730
EA NOV 2023
PG 15
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA CN5X9
UT WOS:001125952700001
OA gold
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Leducq, JB
   Seyer-Lamontagne, É
   Condrain-Morel, D
   Bourret, G
   Sneddon, D
   Foster, JA
   Marx, CJ
   Sullivan, JM
   Shapiro, BJ
   Kembel, SW
AF Leducq, Jean-Baptiste
   Seyer-Lamontagne, Emilie
   Condrain-Morel, Domitille
   Bourret, Genevieve
   Sneddon, David
   Foster, James A.
   Marx, Christopher J.
   Sullivan, Jack M.
   Shapiro, B. Jesse
   Kembel, Steven W.
TI Fine-Scale Adaptations to Environmental Variation and Growth Strategies
   Drive Phyllosphere <i>Methylobacterium</i> Diversity
SO MBIO
LA English
DT Article
DE Methylobacterium diversity; phyllosphere community dynamics; rpoB
   barcoding; temperature adaptation; growth strategies in Bacteria;
   Methylobacterium; microbial communities; phyllosphere-inhabiting
   microbes
ID METHYLOTROPHIC BACTERIA; NITROGEN-FIXATION; PLANT-GROWTH; SP. NOV.;
   STRAINS; ECOLOGY; COMMUNITIES; INFERENCE; GENUS; L.
AB Methylobacterium is a prevalent bacterial genus of the phyllosphere. Despite its ubiquity, little is known about the extent to which its diversity reflects neutral processes like migration and drift, versus environmental filtering of life history strategies and adaptations. In two temperate forests, we investigated how phylogenetic diversity within Methylobacterium is structured by biogeography, seasonality, and growth strategies. Using deep, culture-independent barcoded marker gene sequencing coupled with culture-based approaches, we uncovered a considerable diversity of Methylobacterium in the phyllosphere. We cultured different subsets of Methylobacterium lineages depending upon the temperature of isolation and growth (20 degrees C or 30 degrees C), suggesting long-term adaptation to temperature. To a lesser extent than temperature adaptation, Methylobacterium diversity was also structured across large (>100 km; between forests) and small (<1.2 km; within forests) geographical scales, among host tree species, and was dynamic over seasons. By measuring the growth of 79 isolates during different temperature treatments, we observed contrasting growth performances, with strong lineage- and season-dependent variations in growth strategies. Finally, we documented a progressive replacement of lineages with a high-yield growth strategy typical of cooperative, structured communities in favor of those characterized by rapid growth, resulting in convergence and homogenization of community structure at the end of the growing season. Together, our results show how Methylobacterium is phylogenetically structured into lineages with distinct growth strategies, which helps explain their differential abundance across regions, host tree species, and time. This work paves the way for further investigation of adaptive strategies and traits within a ubiquitous phyllosphere genus. IMPORTANCEMethylobacterium is a bacterial group tied to plants. Despite the ubiquity of methylobacteria and the importance to their hosts, little is known about the processes driving Methylobacterium community dynamics. By combining traditional culture-dependent and -independent (metabarcoding) approaches, we monitored Methylobacterium diversity in two temperate forests over a growing season. On the surface of tree leaves, we discovered remarkably diverse and dynamic Methylobacterium communities over short temporal (from June to October) and spatial (within 1.2km) scales. Because we cultured different subsets of Methylobacterium diversity depending on the temperature of incubation, we suspected that these dynamics partly reflected climatic adaptation. By culturing strains under laboratory conditions mimicking seasonal variations, we found that diversity and environmental variations were indeed good predictors of Methylobacterium growth performances. Our findings suggest that Methylobacterium community dynamics at the surface of tree leaves results from the succession of strains with contrasting growth strategies in response to environmental variations.
C1 [Leducq, Jean-Baptiste; Seyer-Lamontagne, Emilie; Shapiro, B. Jesse] Univ Montreal, Dept Sci Biol, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
   [Leducq, Jean-Baptiste; Condrain-Morel, Domitille; Bourret, Genevieve; Kembel, Steven W.] Univ Quebec Montreal, Dept Sci Biol, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
   [Leducq, Jean-Baptiste; Sneddon, David; Foster, James A.; Marx, Christopher J.; Sullivan, Jack M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Biol Sci, Moscow, ID USA.
   [Shapiro, B. Jesse] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
C3 Universite de Montreal; University of Quebec; University of Quebec
   Montreal; University of Idaho; McGill University
RP Leducq, JB; Shapiro, BJ (corresponding author), Univ Montreal, Dept Sci Biol, Montreal, PQ, Canada.; Leducq, JB; Kembel, SW (corresponding author), Univ Quebec Montreal, Dept Sci Biol, Montreal, PQ, Canada.; Leducq, JB (corresponding author), Univ Idaho, Dept Biol Sci, Moscow, ID USA.; Shapiro, BJ (corresponding author), McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
EM jeanbaptiste@uidaho.edu; jesse.shapiro@mcgill.ca;
   kembel.steven_w@uqam.ca
RI ; Shapiro, B. Jesse/U-9337-2019
OI Kembel, Steven/0000-0001-5224-0952; Sullivan, Jack/0000-0003-0216-6867;
   Shapiro, B. Jesse/0000-0001-6819-8699
FU FRQNT; NSERC; NSF [DEB-1831838]; Canada Research Chairs
FX This research received funding from FRQNT, NSERC, Canada Research
   Chairs, and the NSF (grant no. DEB-1831838).
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NR 66
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 9
U2 33
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 2150-7511
J9 MBIO
JI mBio
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2022
VL 13
IS 1
AR e03175-21
DI 10.1128/mbio.03175-21
PG 17
WC Microbiology
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Microbiology
GA O0OA2
UT WOS:001040888600070
PM 35073752
OA Green Submitted, Green Accepted, Green Published
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Brandt, LA
   Benscoter, AM
   Harvey, R
   Speroterra, C
   Bucklin, D
   Romañach, SS
   Watling, JI
   Mazzotti, FJ
AF Brandt, Laura A.
   Benscoter, Allison M.
   Harvey, Rebecca
   Speroterra, Carolina
   Bucklin, David
   Romanach, Stephanie S.
   Watling, James I.
   Mazzotti, Frank J.
TI Comparison of climate envelope models developed using expert-selected
   variables versus statistical selection
SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING
LA English
DT Article
DE Climate adaptation; Conservation planning; Expert opinion; Florida;
   Threatened and endangered species
ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; BIOCLIMATIC ENVELOPE; CONSERVATION
   BIOGEOGRAPHY; CHANGE IMPACTS; RANGE SHIFTS; OPINION; DISTRIBUTIONS;
   PERFORMANCE; PREDICTIONS; SCALE
AB Climate envelope models are widely used to describe potential future distribution of species under different climate change scenarios. It is broadly recognized that there are both strengths and limitations to using climate envelope models and that outcomes are sensitive to initial assumptions, inputs, and modeling methods Selection of predictor variables, a central step in modeling, is one of the areas where different techniques can yield varying results. Selection of climate variables to use as predictors is often done using statistical approaches that develop correlations between occurrences and climate data. These approaches have received criticism in that they rely on the statistical properties of the data rather than directly incorporating biological information about species responses to temperature and precipitation. We evaluated and compared models and prediction maps for 15 threatened or endangered species in Florida based on two variable selection techniques: expert opinion and a statistical method. We compared model performance between these two approaches for contemporary predictions, and the spatial correlation, spatial overlap and area predicted for contemporary and future climate predictions. In general, experts identified more variables as being important than the statistical method and there was low overlap in the variable sets (<40%) between the two methods Despite these differences in variable sets (expert versus statistical), models had high performance metrics (>0.9 for area under the curve (AUC) and >0.7 for true skill statistic (TSS). Spatial overlap, which compares the spatial configuration between maps constructed using the different variable selection techniques, was only moderate overall (about 60%), with a great deal of variability across species. Difference in spatial overlap was even greater under future climate projections, indicating additional divergence of model outputs from different variable selection techniques. Our work is in agreement with other studies which have found that for broad-scale species distribution modeling, using statistical methods of variable selection is a useful first step, especially when there is a need to model a large number of species or expert knowledge of the species is limited. Expert input can then be used to refine models that seem unrealistic or for species that experts believe are particularly sensitive to change. It also emphasizes the importance of using multiple models to reduce uncertainty and improve map outputs for conservation planning. Where outputs overlap or show the same direction of change there is greater certainty in the predictions. Areas of disagreement can be used for learning by asking why the models do not agree, and may highlight areas where additional on-the-ground data collection could improve the models. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Brandt, Laura A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA.
   [Benscoter, Allison M.; Harvey, Rebecca; Speroterra, Carolina; Bucklin, David; Watling, James I.; Mazzotti, Frank J.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA.
   [Benscoter, Allison M.; Romanach, Stephanie S.] US Geol Survey, 3321 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA.
   [Watling, James I.] John Carroll Univ, University Hts, OH 44118 USA.
C3 United States Department of the Interior; US Fish & Wildlife Service;
   State University System of Florida; University of Florida; United States
   Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; University
   System of Ohio; John Carroll University
RP Brandt, LA (corresponding author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA.
EM Laura_brandt@fws.gov
OI Benscoter, Allison/0000-0003-4205-3808; Brandt, Laura
   A./0000-0001-9655-0290
FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Park Service (Everglades
   National Park through the South Florida and Caribbean Cooperative
   Ecosystem Studies Unit); U.S. Geological Survey (Greater Everglades
   Priority Ecosystems Science)
FX Support for this project was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
   Service, National Park Service (Everglades National Park through the
   South Florida and Caribbean Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit) and U.S.
   Geological Survey (Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science). The
   views expressed here do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S.
   Fish and Wildlife Service. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not
   imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank L. Pearlstine for
   support and encouragement throughout the project and the following
   people for providing valuable input in development and completion of the
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NR 65
TC 33
Z9 37
U1 0
U2 26
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0304-3800
EI 1872-7026
J9 ECOL MODEL
JI Ecol. Model.
PD FEB 10
PY 2017
VL 345
BP 10
EP 20
DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.11.016
PG 11
WC Ecology
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA EJ5HP
UT WOS:000393248700002
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Lin, L
   Wang, ZL
   Xu, YY
   Fu, Q
   Dong, WJ
AF Lin, Lei
   Wang, Zhili
   Xu, Yangyang
   Fu, Qiang
   Dong, Wenjie
TI Larger Sensitivity of Precipitation Extremes to Aerosol Than Greenhouse
   Gas Forcing in CMIP5 Models
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE precipitation extremes; greenhouse gases; aerosols; CMIP5
ID CLIMATE EXTREMES; ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS; REACTIVE GASES; EMISSIONS;
   RESPONSES; MONSOON; SLOW; TEMPERATURE; POLLUTION; INDEXES
AB The sensitivity of precipitation extremes (PEs; i.e., the change in PE per degree of change in global mean surface temperature) to aerosol and greenhouse gas (GHG) forcings is examined using the twentieth century historical multimodel ensemble simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Program phase 5 (CMIP5). We find a robustly larger sensitivity of PE to aerosols than GHGs across all available models. The aerosol/GHG-induced sensitivity ratios for globe-averaged monthly maximum consecutive 5-day precipitation (RX5day) and maximum 1-day precipitation (RX1day) in the multimodel ensemble are 1.6 and 1.4, respectively. Over land, the corresponding ratios for RX5day and RX1day are 2.3 and 1.8, respectively. In particular, the aerosol forcing leads to several times greater sensitivity than GHG forcing in West Africa, eastern China, South and Southeast Asia, northwestern South America, and Eastern Europe. The atmospheric energy balance, dynamical adjustment, and vertical structure of forcing, all contribute to the difference in the PE sensitivity to the two forcings. It is shown that the fast response primarily contributes to the greater-than-one aerosol-to-GHG ratios of the PE sensitivities, as for the mean precipitation. This is because of a stronger rainfall suppression effect induced by the GHG atmospheric forcing. We also find that the aerosol-to-GHG ratios of the PE sensitivities depend on the defined extreme precipitation indices. The aerosol-to-GHG sensitivity ratio is larger for more loosely defined PE, and it gradually converges to one for more severely defined PE. Our results further highlight the importance of considering the anthropogenic aerosol reduction in projecting the change in PE.
   Plain Language Summary Precipitation extreme (PE) has wide-ranging societal impacts. Warming caused by greenhouse gas (GHG) increases primarily contributes to the increase in PE during recent decades. To mitigate the air pollution, the expected declines of anthropogenic aerosols in the 21st century would impose an additional warming on the Earth, which will aggravate the PE caused by GHGs-induced warming. The ultimate response of PE is thus related to the strength of various forcing agents, and the sensitivity of PE to various forcing agents. We show whether the difference in the PE sensitivity between GHGs and aerosols is robust across models and what mechanisms lead to the difference. A robustly larger sensitivity of PE to aerosols than GHGs across all available models is found. This sensitivity difference is primarily associated with the fast response of PE to various forcings. This study further highlights the importance of considering the anthropogenic aerosol reduction in projecting the change in PE. It has implications for policy making on climate adaptation to PE.
   Key Points
C1 [Lin, Lei; Dong, Wenjie] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Atmospher Sci, Zhuhai, Peoples R China.
   [Lin, Lei; Dong, Wenjie] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Climate Change & Nat Disas, Zhuhai, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Zhili] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Zhili] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Key Lab Atmospher Chem CMA, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Zhili] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Forecast & Evaluat Meteoro, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Yangyang] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX USA.
   [Fu, Qiang] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
C3 Sun Yat Sen University; Sun Yat Sen University; China Meteorological
   Administration; Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS); China
   Meteorological Administration; Chinese Academy of Meteorological
   Sciences (CAMS); Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology;
   Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station;
   University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
RP Wang, ZL (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China.; Wang, ZL (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Key Lab Atmospher Chem CMA, Beijing, Peoples R China.; Wang, ZL (corresponding author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Forecast & Evaluat Meteoro, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
EM wangzl@cma.gov.cn
RI Fu, Qiang/W-5836-2019; Xu, Yangyang/I-1930-2018; Lin, Lei/AAA-8733-2020;
   dong, wenjie/F-4314-2012; Wang, Zhili/K-4111-2019
OI Qiang, Fu/0000-0001-5371-8460; Dong, Wenjie/0000-0002-9635-6292; Wang,
   Zhili/0000-0002-4392-3230; Xu, Yangyang/0000-0001-7173-7761
FU National Key Research and Development Program of China [2016YFA0602701,
   2016YFC0203306]; (key) National Natural Science Foundation of China
   [91644211, 91644225, 41575139]; Fundamental Research Funds for the
   Central Universities [17lgpy32]; CAMS Foundation for Development of
   Science and Technology [2018KJ047]
FX This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development
   Program of China (2016YFA0602701 and 2016YFC0203306), the (key) National
   Natural Science Foundation of China (91644211, 91644225, and 41575139),
   Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (17lgpy32), and
   CAMS Foundation for Development of Science and Technology (2018KJ047).
   We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on
   Coupled Modeling, which is responsible for CMIP. The access to the data
   and technical aid is provided by the German Climate Computing Centre
   (DKRZ; https://esgf-data.dkrz.de/search/cmip5-dkrz/), with funding from
   the Federal Ministry for Education and Research.
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NR 45
TC 24
Z9 26
U1 1
U2 39
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD AUG 16
PY 2018
VL 123
IS 15
BP 8062
EP 8073
DI 10.1029/2018JD028821
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA GS3YY
UT WOS:000443566900016
OA Bronze
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Falloon, PD
   Dankers, R
   Betts, RA
   Jones, CD
   Booth, BBB
   Lambert, FH
AF Falloon, P. D.
   Dankers, R.
   Betts, R. A.
   Jones, C. D.
   Booth, B. B. B.
   Lambert, F. H.
TI Role of vegetation change in future climate under the A1B scenario and a
   climate stabilisation scenario, using the HadCM3C Earth system model
SO BIOGEOSCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID CARBON-CYCLE FEEDBACKS; CENTER COUPLED MODEL; LAND-USE; ATMOSPHERE
   INTERACTIONS; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE;
   TEMPERATURE-CHANGE; FOREST DIEBACK; BOREAL FORESTS; PART I
AB The aim of our study was to use the coupled climate-carbon cycle model HadCM3C to quantify climate impact of ecosystem changes over recent decades and under future scenarios, due to changes in both atmospheric CO2 and surface albedo. We use two future scenarios - the IPCC SRES A1B scenario, and a climate stabilisation scenario (2C20), allowing us to assess the impact of climate mitigation on results. We performed a pair of simulations under each scenario - one in which vegetation was fixed at the initial state and one in which vegetation changes dynamically in response to climate change, as determined by the interactive vegetation model within HadCM3C.
   In our simulations with interactive vegetation, relatively small changes in global vegetation coverage were found, mainly dominated by increases in shrub and needleleaf trees at high latitudes and losses of broadleaf trees and grasses across the Amazon. Globally this led to a loss of terrestrial carbon, mainly from the soil. Global changes in carbon storage were related to the regional losses from the Amazon and gains at high latitude. Regional differences in carbon storage between the two scenarios were largely driven by the balance between warming-enhanced decomposition and altered vegetation growth. Globally, interactive vegetation reduced albedo acting to enhance albedo changes due to climate change. This was mainly related to the darker land surface over high latitudes (due to vegetation expansion, particularly during December-January and March-May); small increases in albedo occurred over the Amazon. As a result, there was a relatively small impact of vegetation change on most global annual mean climate variables, which was generally greater under A1B than 2C20, with markedly stronger local-to-regional and seasonal impacts. Globally, vegetation change amplified future annual temperature increases by 0.24 and 0.15K (under A1B and 2C20, respectively) and increased global precipitation, with reductions in precipitation over the Amazon and increases over high latitudes. In general, changes were stronger over land - for example, global temperature changes due to interactive vegetation of 0.43 and 0.28K under A1B and 2C20, respectively. Regionally, the warming influence of future vegetation change in our simulations was driven by the balance between driving factors. For instance, reduced tree cover over the Amazon reduced evaporation (particularly during June-August), outweighing the cooling influence of any small albedo changes. In contrast, at high latitudes the warming impact of reduced albedo (particularly during December-February and March-May) due to increased vegetation cover appears to have offset any cooling due to small evaporation increases.
   Climate mitigation generally reduced the impact of vegetation change on future global and regional climate in our simulations. Our study therefore suggests that there is a need to consider both biogeochemical and biophysical effects in climate adaptation and mitigation decision making.
C1 [Falloon, P. D.; Dankers, R.; Betts, R. A.; Jones, C. D.; Booth, B. B. B.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England.
   [Lambert, F. H.] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter EX4 4QF, Devon, England.
C3 Met Office - UK; Hadley Centre; University of Exeter
RP Falloon, PD (corresponding author), Met Off Hadley Ctr, Fitzroy Rd, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England.
EM pete.falloon@metoffice.gov.uk
RI Betts, Richard/P-8976-2015; Jones, Chris/I-2983-2014
OI Falloon, Peter/0000-0001-7567-8885; Dankers, Rutger/0000-0003-2375-5468
FU Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101];
   European Union project "CARBO-North - Quantifying the carbon budget in
   Northern Russia: past, present and future" [036993]
FX The role of PF, CJ, BB, RD, RB, and HL was supported by the Joint
   DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101) and the
   European Union project "CARBO-North - Quantifying the carbon budget in
   Northern Russia: past, present and future", project number 036993. The
   authors would like to thank the Editor Christoph Spirig, and two
   anonymous reviewers of the original manuscript, whose comments greatly
   improved the paper.
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NR 92
TC 25
Z9 28
U1 1
U2 60
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1726-4170
EI 1726-4189
J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES
JI Biogeosciences
PY 2012
VL 9
IS 11
BP 4739
EP 4756
DI 10.5194/bg-9-4739-2012
PG 18
WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology
GA 058XC
UT WOS:000312667300039
OA Green Submitted, gold
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Zhai, R
   Tao, FL
   Xu, ZH
AF Zhai, Ran
   Tao, Fulu
   Xu, Zhihui
TI Spatial-temporal changes in runoff and terrestrial ecosystem water
   retention under 1.5 and 2°C warming scenarios across China
SO EARTH SYSTEM DYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; RIVER-BASIN; HYDROLOGICAL RESPONSES; RCP SCENARIOS;
   IMPACTS; STREAMFLOW; SERVICES; MODEL; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE
AB The Paris Agreement set a long-term temperature goal of holding the global average temperature increase to below 2.0 degrees C above pre-industrial levels, pursuing efforts to limit this to 1.5 degrees C; it is therefore important to understand the impacts of climate change under 1.5 and 2.0 degrees C warming scenarios for climate adaptation and mitigation. Here, climate scenarios from four global circulation models (GCMs) for the baseline (2006-2015), 1.5, and 2.0 degrees C warming scenarios (2106-2115) were used to drive the validated Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrological model to investigate the impacts of global warming on runoff and terrestrial ecosystem water retention (TEWR) across China at a spatial resolution of 0.5 degrees. This study applied ensemble projections from multiple GCMs to provide more comprehensive and robust results. The trends in annual mean temperature, precipitation, runoff, and TEWR were analyzed at the grid and basin scale. Results showed that median change in runoff ranged from 3.61 to 13.86 %, 4.20 to 17.89 %, and median change in TEWR ranged from -0.45 to 6.71 and -3.48 to 4.40 % in the 10 main basins in China under 1.5 and 2.0 degrees C warming scenarios, respectively, across all four GCMs. The interannual variability of runoff increased notably in areas where it was projected to increase, and the interannual variability increased notably from the 1.5 to the 2.0 degrees C warming scenario. In contrast, TEWR would remain relatively stable, the median change in standard deviation (SD) of TEWR ranged from -10 to 10 % in about 90 % grids under 1.5 and 2.0 degrees C warming scenarios, across all four GCMs. Both low and high runoff would increase under the two warming scenarios in most areas across China, with high runoff increasing more. The risks of low and high runoff events would be higher under the 2.0 than under the 1.5 degrees C warming scenario in terms of both extent and intensity. Runoff was significantly positively correlated to precipitation, while increase in maximum temperature would generally cause runoff to decrease through increasing evapotranspiration. Likewise, precipitation also played a dominant role in affecting TEWR. Our results were supported by previous studies. However, there existed large uncertainties in climate scenarios from different GCMs, which led to large uncertainties in impact assessment. The differences among the four GCMs were larger than differences between the two warming scenarios. Our findings on the spatiotemporal patterns of climate impacts and their shifts from the 1.5 to the 2.0 degrees C warming scenario are useful for water resource management under different warming scenarios.
C1 [Zhai, Ran; Tao, Fulu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Key Lab Land Surface Pattern & Simulat, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Zhai, Ran; Tao, Fulu] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Coll Resources & Environm, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Tao, Fulu] Nat Resources Inst Finland Luke, Helsinki 00790, Finland.
   [Xu, Zhihui] Informat Ctr Yellow River Conservancy Commiss, Zhengzhou 450004, Henan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural
   Resources Research, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of
   Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Natural Resources Institute Finland
   (Luke)
RP Tao, FL (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Key Lab Land Surface Pattern & Simulat, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.; Tao, FL (corresponding author), Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Coll Resources & Environm, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.; Tao, FL (corresponding author), Nat Resources Inst Finland Luke, Helsinki 00790, Finland.
EM taofl@igsnrr.ac.cn
RI Zhai, Ran/AAD-6190-2022
OI Tao, F/0000-0001-8574-0080
FU National Key Research and Development Program of China [2017YFA0604703];
   National Science Foundation of China [41571088, 41571493, 31561143003]
FX This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development
   Program of China (no. 2017YFA0604703) and the National Science
   Foundation of China (nos. 41571088, 41571493, and 31561143003). We
   acknowledge the HAPPI core team and NERSC for data storage.
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NR 41
TC 23
Z9 25
U1 1
U2 57
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 2190-4979
EI 2190-4987
J9 EARTH SYST DYNAM
JI Earth Syst. Dynam.
PD JUN 7
PY 2018
VL 9
IS 2
BP 717
EP 738
DI 10.5194/esd-9-717-2018
PG 22
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Geology
GA GI5PO
UT WOS:000434423300001
OA Green Submitted, gold
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Nwokolo, SC
   Obiwulu, AU
   Ogbulezie, JC
   Amadi, SO
AF Nwokolo, Samuel Chukwujindu
   Obiwulu, Anthony Umunnakwe
   Ogbulezie, Julie C.
   Amadi, Solomom Okechukwu
TI Hybridization of statistical machine learning and numerical models for
   improving beam, diffuse and global solar radiation prediction
SO CLEANER ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Global solar radiation; Diffuse solar radiation; Direct normal
   irradiation; Gumbel probabilistic model; Beam-diffuse-global separation;
   Numerical models; Machine learning
ID EMPIRICAL-MODELS; SYSTEM
AB Prediction, separation, and improvement of beam (Hb), diffuse (Hd), and global solar radiation (H) using an efficient Gumbel probabilistic model (GP) and hybridization of GP with auto-regression integrated moving average (ARIMA) is essential in regions of Southern Africa and the Middle East. This is because, most of the inhabitants of these localities are not connected to the national grid due to extreme cost implications, frequent power outages, and in most cases, unavailability of the national power supply; as well as the fact that most government meteorological stations are technologically or financially unable to routinely measure these radiometric parameters in most metropolitan cities, developing cities, and remote villages, where there is a severe need for electricity. Although the prediction of H has many advantages in adapting and deploying clean and affordable energy infrastructure through solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, the separation of H into Hb and Hd will further increase cleaner and more affordable systems like solar PV thermal/concentrators, which require Hb for its use. In this era of climate change, Hb, Hd, and H information are needed to detect and adapt climate mitigation plans in places adversely affected by climate change and global warming externalities. Eight different configurations of input combination elements were assembled to stimulate their hybrid evolutionary ARIMA-GP controlled, swapped model through the instrumentality of generalized solar meteorological datasets needed for modeling. The result revealed that the swapped ARIMA models outperformed the controlled and controlled ARIMA models using Gumbel's numerical approach. The best min beam and diffuse irradiance frocontrolled ARIMA models were probabilistically optimized using the Gumbel (GP) probabilistic model to produce ARIMAGP. From the evaluations of the error metrics, the ARIMA-GP models outperformed the swapped and controlled ARIMA models, as well as the Gumbel models used to separate HB and Hd from H. The selected best performing models produced the RMSE-induced decrease and increase in R-2 of 73.73% and 15.25% respectively for GSRML-GP3 (model H), 71.71%, and 14.19% for DSRML-GP5 (model Hd), and 61.91% and 11.70% for DNIML-GP5 (model Hb). These high values of the percentage improvement of the suitable model obtained for the Hb, Hd, and H modeling suggest that the proposed hybrid evolutionary ARIMA-GP model can be adopted to improve the prediction of solar beam, diffuse and global radiation in any region of the world, as the input parameters incorporate the data sets on geo-climatic conditions needed for global modeling. This study also suggests that it is more realistic to use the generalized functional forms GP and ARIMA-GP to separate Hb and Hd from the parameter H and also to generate their corresponding coefficients in the studied regions than applying empirical and machine learning models consolidated in the literature. The proposed ARIMA-GP models are sufficient as a valid evolutionary hybrid model that will accelerate a holistic understanding of the solar resources available in the selected regions and beyond, as well as spread the application of solar photovoltaic/thermal technologies within these countries.
C1 [Nwokolo, Samuel Chukwujindu; Ogbulezie, Julie C.] Univ Calabar, Fac Phys Sci, Dept Phys, Calabar, Nigeria.
   [Obiwulu, Anthony Umunnakwe] Univ Lagos, Dept Phys, Fac Sci, Lagos, Nigeria.
   [Amadi, Solomom Okechukwu] Fed Univ Ndufu Alike Ikwo, Dept Phys Geol Geophys, Ndufu, Nigeria.
C3 University of Calabar; University of Lagos
RP Nwokolo, SC (corresponding author), Univ Calabar, Fac Phys Sci, Dept Phys, Calabar, Nigeria.
EM nwokolosc@unical.edu.ng; obiwulutony@yahoo.co.uk;
   jcogbulezie@unical.edu.ng; solomon.amadi@funai.edu.ng
RI Nwokolo, Samuel/HDN-1371-2022
OI NWOKOLO, SAMUEL/0000-0001-6889-9022
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NR 64
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 2666-7908
J9 CLEAN ENG TECHNOL
JI Cleaner Eng. Technol.
PD AUG
PY 2022
VL 9
AR 100529
DI 10.1016/j.clet.2022.100529
PG 14
WC Green & Sustainable Science & Technology; Engineering, Environmental;
   Environmental Sciences
WE Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI)
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences
   & Ecology
GA F3DF0
UT WOS:000981177200019
OA gold
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT C
AU Vines, R
   Sudholz, C
AF Vines, Richard
   Sudholz, Carl
BE Schiuma, G
   Spender, JC
   Yigitcanlar, T
TI Linking Agricultural Extension, Decision Support Systems and Context:
   Implications for Knowledge Management Practice
SO IFKAD - KCWS 2012: 7TH INTERNATIONAL FORUM ON KNOWLEDGE ASSET DYNAMICS,
   5TH KNOWLEDGE CITIES WORLD SUMMIT: KNOWLEDGE, INNOVATION AND
   SUSTAINABILITY: INTEGRATING MICRO & MACRO PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 7th International Forum on Knowledge Asset Dynamics (IFKAD) / 5th
   Knowledge Cities World Summit (KCWS)
CY JUN 13-15, 2012
CL Matera, ITALY
SP Inst Knowledge Asset Management, Queensland Univ Technol, Univ Basilicata, World Capital Inst
DE Knowledge assets; sustainability; practice change; records management;
   industry development
AB Purpose - There exists a substantial knowledge management challenge for organisations with responsibilities to mediate public interests. This challenge relates to the means by which knowledge assets are managed to integrate a hierarchy of knowledge in a continuum from the micro-level (individual), group (institutional / organisational), formal (peer-authorised) to the macro-level of focus (societal norms). The purpose of this paper is to present an analysis of a specific program - FarmPlan 21. FarmPlan21 was introduced within the Australian state of Victoria to promote the uptake of whole-farm planning practices. Through this initiative an objective has been to mediate private and public interests related to the integration of commercial and sustainable land management practices. The analysis of FarmPlan21 is presented through the lens of two different knowledge hierarchies - one for a farmer and one for an agricultural extension officer engaged within the Victorian Department of Primary Industries.
   Design/methodology/approach - In considering a sheep farmer producing lamb and their involvement in the FarmPlan21 program, a conceptual framework related to a shared knowledge context is developed. This allows that solutions to what previously have been segmented problems can become co-created. However, this approach will become constrained unless some underlying principles for developing a shared knowledge context are adopted. Within the context of brokering a public interest, these principles are discussed under the headings of role clarity, shared organisational possibilities and purpose, coherence of extended network interactions and normative commitments to pluralistic values. The similarities of these principles with the Australian records continuum model are discussed in some detail. For industries with complex open network structures like agriculture, the final section extols the imperative of implementing contemporary records management practices as a means of brokering both public and private benefits.
   Originality/value - The integration of sustainability and commercial farming practices provides an example of a fresh challenge for knowledge management practitioners. If agriculture is to embrace an appropriate vision for the future, new frameworks, partnerships and information distribution channels must be developed that allow for the evolutionary emergence of co-created solutions to problems. The cross discipline perspective outlined in this paper and the linking of a knowledge hierarchy to the Australian records continuum model is new. The value of this approach is that it unlocks potential for investments in industry development and productivity to be integrated with objectives associated with natural resource management, sustainability and adaptation to climate variability. The claim is that this will lead to greater impact, by lessening the effect of operating silos across different government agencies and by leveraging the potential for benefits from both public and private investments and commitments.
   Practical implications - In working towards brokering a public interest, government agencies must not lose sight of the practical importance of working closely with the actual decision makers that can make a difference. But beyond this, the effectiveness of next generation knowledge management support systems such as the farm-planning tool - Farm Web 2.0 - referenced briefly herein will be conditional upon the extent to which they embrace contemporary records management protocols. This same principle can apply to any knowledge intensive industry whether the focus is at organisational, city, industry cluster or regional level. What is common across these industries is that contemporary records management must span the different levels of any knowledge hierarchy. This is likely to catalyse the need for a different type of innovation framework - discussed under the topic of a "public knowledge space". This will involve people engaging in work practices and with technology in different ways than up until now.
C1 [Vines, Richard] Univ Melbourne, Dept Primary Ind, Victoria eScholarship Res Ctr, Knoxfield, Vic 3180, Australia.
   [Sudholz, Carl] Victoria Private Bag 260, Dept Primary Ind, Horsham, Vic 3400, Australia.
C3 Department of Primary Industries & Regional Development NSW; University
   of Melbourne; Department of Primary Industries & Regional Development
   NSW
RP Vines, R (corresponding author), Univ Melbourne, Dept Primary Ind, Victoria eScholarship Res Ctr, Knoxfield, Vic 3180, Australia.
RI Vines, Richard/M-3323-2018
OI Vines, Richard/0000-0003-4339-4997
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   [No title captured]
NR 26
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 28
PU IKAM-INST KNOWLEDGE ASSET MANAGEMENT
PI MATERA
PA VIA D SCHIAVONE 1, MATERA, MT 75100, ITALY
BN 978-88-96687-08-6
PY 2012
BP 1063
EP 1087
PG 25
WC Management
WE Conference Proceedings Citation Index - Social Science &amp; Humanities (CPCI-SSH)
SC Business & Economics
GA BDJ73
UT WOS:000313556000056
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Zhao, DX
   Devoil, P
   Rognoni, BG
   Wilkus, E
   Eyre, JX
   Broad, I
   Rodriguez, D
AF Zhao, Dongxue
   Devoil, Peter
   Rognoni, Bethany G.
   Wilkus, Erin
   Eyre, Joseph X.
   Broad, Ian
   Rodriguez, Daniel
TI Sowing summer grain crops early in late winter or spring: effects on
   root growth, water use, and yield
SO PLANT AND SOIL
LA English
DT Article; Early Access
DE Climate adaption; Agronomy; Early sowing; Root morphology; Water use
   efficiency; Root phenotyping
ID COLD TOLERANCE; HEAT-STRESS; TEMPERATURE RESPONSES; GENETIC DISSECTION;
   SORGHUM PRODUCTION; USE EFFICIENCY; ENVIRONMENT; DROUGHT; FIELD;
   ARCHITECTURE
AB Context Drought and extreme heat at flowering are common stresses limiting the yield of summer crops. Adaptation to these stresses could be increased by sowing summer crops early in late winter or early spring, to avoid overlap of drought and heat with critical crop stages around flowering. Though little is known about the effects of cold weather on root growth, water use and final grain yield in sorghum.Objective This study aims to explore the effects of cold conditions in early sowing sorghum on crop and root growth and function (i.e., water use), and final grain yield.Methods Two years of field experiments were conducted in the Darling and Eastern Downs region of Qld, Australia. Each trial consisted of three times of sowing (late winter, spring, and summer), two levels of irrigation (i.e., rainfed and supplementary irrigated), four plant population densities (3, 6, 9 and 12 pl m-2), and six commercial sorghum hybrids. Roots and shoots were sampled at the flag leaf stage on three times of sowing, two levels of irrigation, and three replications, for a single hybrid and a single plant population density (9 pl m-2). Crop water use and functional root traits were derived from consecutive electromagnetic induction (EMI) surveys around flowering. At maturity crop biomass, yield and yield components were determined across all treatments.Results The combinations of seasons, times of sowing and levels of irrigation created large variations in growth conditions that affected the growth and production of the crops. Early sowing increased yield by transferring water use from vegetative to reproductive stages and increasing grain numbers in tillers. Cold temperatures in the early sowing times tended to produce smaller crops with smaller rooting systems, smaller root-to-shoot ratios, and larger average root diameters. Total root length and root length density increased with increasing pre-flowering mean air temperatures up to 20 degrees C. Linear relationships were observed between an EMI derived index of root activity and the empirically determined values of root length density (cm cm-3) at flowering.Conclusions Sowing sorghum, a summer crop, early in late winter or spring transferred water use from vegetative stages to flowering and post-flowering stages increasing crop water use later in the season. Root length and root length density were reduced by pre-flowering mean temperatures lower than 20 degrees C, indicating a need to increase cold tolerance for early sowing. The higher grain numbers in early sown crops were related to higher grain numbers in tillers. The EMI derived index of root activity has a potential in the development of high throughput root phenotyping applications.
   Sorghum sown early into cooler than recommended soils will reduce root and vegetative growth and transfer water use from vegetative to reproductive stages mitigating terminal water stresses, and increasing water use efficiency. Electromagnetic induction technology has a great potential for high throughput root phenotyping applications. To adapt to warmer climates, there is a need for sorghum breeders to include cold tolerance as a target.
C1 [Zhao, Dongxue; Devoil, Peter; Wilkus, Erin; Eyre, Joseph X.; Rodriguez, Daniel] Univ Queensland, Ctr Crop Sci, Queensland Alliance Agr & Food Innovat QAAFI, Gatton Campus, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia.
   [Rognoni, Bethany G.] Dept Agr & Fisheries DAF, 13 Holberton St, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia.
   [Broad, Ian] Dept Agr & Fisheries DAF, 203 Tor Str, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia.
C3 University of Queensland
RP Zhao, DX (corresponding author), Univ Queensland, Ctr Crop Sci, Queensland Alliance Agr & Food Innovat QAAFI, Gatton Campus, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia.
EM dongxue.zhao@uq.edu.au
RI Zhao, Dongxue/ABF-6737-2020
FU The University of Queensland [GRDC UOQ1906-010RTX]; Australian Grains
   Research and Development Corporation project
FX This work is funded by the Australian Grains Research and Development
   Corporation project (GRDC UOQ1906-010RTX).
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NR 83
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 17
U2 50
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0032-079X
EI 1573-5036
J9 PLANT SOIL
JI Plant Soil
PD 2024 APR 18
PY 2024
DI 10.1007/s11104-024-06648-0
EA APR 2024
PG 18
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences
GA OD9T5
UT WOS:001205447600002
OA Green Accepted, hybrid
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Saha, S
   Hazra, S
   Ghosh, T
AF Saha, Senjuti
   Hazra, Somnath
   Ghosh, Tuhin
TI How embankment influences coastal livelihood in the context of climate
   adaptation - a case study of Indian Sundarban Delta
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RESILIENCE IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Disaster response; Climate change; Embankment; Livelihood
ID SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES; SOCIAL VULNERABILITY; ADOPTION; IMPACTS;
   BRAHMAPUTRA; GANGES
AB Purpose The decision of livelihood based on the embankment characters is essentially multivariate. Making an effort to do the bivariate modelling may eliminate the useful socio-economic information in the interdependent and simultaneous adaptation choices (Dorfman, 1996). Hence, the more appropriate method is multiple-choice decisions to livelihood adoption based on the embankment category. The purpose of this study is to find out whether the inhabitants of Sundarban really consider embankment as their "lifeline", what they think about its sustainability and what the outer world thinks about the embankment. Design/methodology/approach To analyse this study, the multinomial logit (MNL) model has been used. This model gives a platform to study the influence of the factors on livelihood choice decisions. In this MNL model, the livelihood decisions are categorized based on their primary livelihood status at the survey. Thus, the choice of livelihood among individuals is explained in terms of the livelihood and the household characteristics. Findings This result can possibly explain the fact that increasing population or man power and increasing annual income and protection from embankment failure may reduce the need to choose any other form of economy apart from the indigenous one, as the society is dominated by farmers who own very small plots of land and face consequences like crop failure every year because of natural calamities. A unit increase in annual income would result in a 0.53% decrease in the probability of choosing labourer as occupation and 0.57% decrease in the probability of choosing fishing/"meen" collection as occupation. Research limitations/implications The district is vast enough, and it is difficult to study all the blocks. Initially, nine blocks were identified as affected blocks from various literature reviews. Those blocks are Sagar, Patharpratima, Kultali, Gosaba, Kakdwip, Canning I, Canning II, Namkhana and Basanti. Pilot surveys were done to all those nine blocks identified above. After such a long and rigorous procedure, blocks were verified from available secondary data. Villages from vulnerable and less vulnerable parts of the later mentioned blocks are picked up as purposive sample, and household surveys are done on the basis of random sampling. Social implications If the year of schooling is enhanced, then the tertiary sector gets benefited, but the indigenous society of Sundarban cannot depend on such a sector as the scope for development is very limited. Consequently, policies aiming at promoting adaptation to challenged livelihood need to emphasize the crucial role of providing basic needs for better production techniques; and more investment in this sector will surely enable villagers to adapt cultivation following age-old tradition. Originality/value The study uses the MNL model to investigate the factors guiding household choices of different occupational adaptation methods, and cultivation is found to be the automatic choice for the inhabitants of Sundarban. Cultivation is impossible without embankment. Thus, the embankment in Sundarban is considered, as "lifeline" is established. So it can be said that livelihood in this region depends on the stability of embankment. This age-old structure is susceptible to vulnerability because of its unscientific construction and improper maintenance.
   The main objective of this study is to find out whether the inhabitants of Sundarban really consider embankment as their "lifeline", what they think about its sustainability and what the outer world thinks about the embankment.
C1 [Saha, Senjuti] Womens Christian Coll, Dept Geog, Kolkata, India.
   [Hazra, Somnath; Ghosh, Tuhin] Jadavpur Univ, Sch Oceanog Studies, Kolkata, India.
C3 Jadavpur University
RP Hazra, S (corresponding author), Jadavpur Univ, Sch Oceanog Studies, Kolkata, India.
EM somhazra24@gmail.com
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NR 59
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BINGLEY
PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY BD16 1WA, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND
SN 1759-5908
EI 1759-5916
J9 INT J DISASTER RESIL
JI Int. J. Disaster Resil. Built Environ.
PD MAY 20
PY 2022
VL 13
IS 3
SI SI
BP 327
EP 350
DI 10.1108/IJDRBE-08-2021-0119
EA MAR 2022
PG 24
WC Environmental Studies
WE Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI)
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 1I5XQ
UT WOS:000776721500001
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Jones, AT
   Tremblay, E
   Costeux, AL
   Strus, JA
   Barcket, A
AF Jones, Alysha T.
   Tremblay, Emilie
   Costeux, Anne-Lise
   Strus, Jacqueline Avanthay
   Barcket, Adrienne
TI What tools are available to assess climate and environmental health
   impacts on perinatal families with an equity lens? A rapid review of the
   Canadian context
SO BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH
LA English
DT Article
DE Perinatal health; Equity; Climate change; Screening tool; Canada
AB ObjectivesThis rapid review is designed to identify existing tools in the Canadian literature that assess the impacts of climate change on the health of perinatal families, particularly those who are equity-denied. Addressing the needs of equity-denied perinatal populations in the face of climate change is crucial to promoting equitable and inclusive perinatal care in Canada.MethodsRapid review methodology was selected to provide evidence in a timely and cost-effective manner. PubMed/MEDLINE and gray literature (Google and Google Scholar) were searched for English and French papers published from 2013 onward. The original research question, focused on climate change and health, yielded very few relevant results. Therefore, the search was broadened to include environmental health. Garrity et al.'s (J Clin Epidemiol 130:13-22, 2021) nine-stage process was used to identify 11 relevant papers, extract the relevant data, and complete the narrative synthesis.Synthesis.This review revealed a significant lack of tools for comprehensively assessing climate-health impacts on perinatal families and equity-denied perinatal families. While Canadian perinatal health screenings focus on equity via indicators of several social determinants of health (e.g., income, social support), they largely omit climate considerations. Environmental health factors are more commonly included but remain minimal.MethodsRapid review methodology was selected to provide evidence in a timely and cost-effective manner. PubMed/MEDLINE and gray literature (Google and Google Scholar) were searched for English and French papers published from 2013 onward. The original research question, focused on climate change and health, yielded very few relevant results. Therefore, the search was broadened to include environmental health. Garrity et al.'s (J Clin Epidemiol 130:13-22, 2021) nine-stage process was used to identify 11 relevant papers, extract the relevant data, and complete the narrative synthesis.Synthesis.This review revealed a significant lack of tools for comprehensively assessing climate-health impacts on perinatal families and equity-denied perinatal families. While Canadian perinatal health screenings focus on equity via indicators of several social determinants of health (e.g., income, social support), they largely omit climate considerations. Environmental health factors are more commonly included but remain minimal.MethodsRapid review methodology was selected to provide evidence in a timely and cost-effective manner. PubMed/MEDLINE and gray literature (Google and Google Scholar) were searched for English and French papers published from 2013 onward. The original research question, focused on climate change and health, yielded very few relevant results. Therefore, the search was broadened to include environmental health. Garrity et al.'s (J Clin Epidemiol 130:13-22, 2021) nine-stage process was used to identify 11 relevant papers, extract the relevant data, and complete the narrative synthesis.Synthesis.This review revealed a significant lack of tools for comprehensively assessing climate-health impacts on perinatal families and equity-denied perinatal families. While Canadian perinatal health screenings focus on equity via indicators of several social determinants of health (e.g., income, social support), they largely omit climate considerations. Environmental health factors are more commonly included but remain minimal.ConclusionClimate-health screening tools are lacking yet needed in routine perinatal healthcare.
   Given the seriousness of climate change, urgent engagement of health systems and healthcare workers is essential to help mitigate and adapt to climate-health challenges, particularly for perinatal families experiencing health inequities.
C1 [Jones, Alysha T.] Univ Northern British Columbia, Sch Nursing, Prince George, BC, Canada.
   [Tremblay, Emilie] Univ Ottawa, Fac Hlth Sci, Sch Nursing, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
   [Costeux, Anne-Lise; Strus, Jacqueline Avanthay] Univ St Boniface, Sch Nursing & Hlth Studies, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
   [Barcket, Adrienne] Simon Fraser Univ, RESET Lab, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
C3 University of Northern British Columbia; University of Ottawa; Simon
   Fraser University
RP Jones, AT (corresponding author), Univ Northern British Columbia, Sch Nursing, Prince George, BC, Canada.
EM alyshatylynnjones@gmail.com
OI Avanthay Strus, Jacqueline/0000-0001-9343-1122
FU National Collaborating Centre for Determinants of Health
FX We wish to acknowledge the contributions of several individuals whose
   support was instrumental. Myrianne Richard from the National
   Collaborating Centre for Determinants of Health (NCCDH) provided
   invaluable assistance, for which we are grateful. Claire Betker, also
   from NCCDH, played an essential role in supporting this project. We're
   grateful for the comments on an earlier version of the paper from Rachel
   Warren and the assistance of information specialist Kaitryn Campbell.
   Finally, we thank Pemma Muzumdar (NCCDH) for reviewing the final draft
   of the paper. The NCCDH provided funding for this project.
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NR 69
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PU BMC
PI LONDON
PA CAMPUS, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
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J9 BMC PREGNANCY CHILDB
JI BMC Pregnancy Childbirth
PD OCT 18
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WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Obstetrics & Gynecology
GA J7W6R
UT WOS:001339131600009
PM 39425065
OA gold
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
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   Pétavy, G
   David, JR
TI Comparative analysis of morphological traits among Drosophila
   melanogaster and <i>D-simulans</i>:: genetic variability, clines and
   phenotypic plasticity
SO GENETICA
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Workshop on Drosophila Melanogaster
CY JAN 09-12, 2002
CL Gif, FRANCE
SP Kluwer Acad Pub, Univ Paris 11, Ctr Natl Rech Sci
DE body pigmentation; body size; bristle number; ovariole number; wing
   shape
ID THORACIC TRIDENT PIGMENTATION; STERNOPLEURAL BRISTLE NUMBER; REACTION
   NORMS; GROWTH TEMPERATURE; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; DEVELOPMENTAL
   TEMPERATURE; MORPHOMETRICAL TRAITS; TROPICAL POPULATIONS; BODY
   PIGMENTATION; SIZE CHARACTERS
AB The two sibling cosmopolitan species, Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans, are able to proliferate under very different climatic conditions. This has resulted in local adaptations, which are often arranged in latitudinal clines. Such clines are documented for body weight, wing and thorax length, sternopleural and abdominal bristle number, ovariole number and thoracic pigmentation. The overall magnitude of geographical differentiation is, however, much less in D. simulans than in D. melanogaster, and latitudinal clines are less pronounced.
   The fact that natural populations live under different climates raises the problem of interaction between temperature and phenotype. The reaction norms of morphometrical traits have been investigated as a function of growth temperature. The shapes of the response curves vary according to the investigated trait. They are generally curvilinear and can be described by calculating characteristic values after polynomial adjustments. For a given trait, the reaction norms of the two species are similar in their shape, although some significant differences may be observed.
   Within each species, significant differences are also observed between geographic populations: reaction norms are not parallel and the divergence is better marked when more distant populations (e.g., temperate and tropical) are compared. It thus appears that besides mean trait value, phenotypic plasticity is also a target of natural selection.
   A specific analysis of wing shape variation according to growth temperature was also undertaken. Reaction norms with different shapes may be observed in various parts of the wing: the major effect is found between the basis and the tip of the wing, but in a similar way in the two species. By contrast, some ratios, called wing indices by taxonomists, may exhibit completely different reaction norms in the two species.
   For a single developmental temperature (25degreesC) the phenotypic variability of morphometrical traits is generally similar in the two species, and also the genetic variability, estimated by the intraclass correlation. A difference exists, however, for the ovariole number which is less variable in D. simulans. Variance parameters may vary according to growth temperature, and a detailed analysis was made on wing dimensions. An increase of environmental variability at extreme, heat or cold temperatures, has been found in both species. Opposite trends were, however, observed for the genetic variability: a maximum heritability in D. simulans at middle temperatures, corresponding to a minimum heritability in D. melanogaster. Whether such a difference exists for other traits and in other populations deserves further investigations.
   In conclusion, morphometrical analyses reveal a large amount of significant differences which may be related to speciation and to the divergence of ecological niches. Within each species, numerous geographic variations are also observed which, in most cases, reflect some kinds of climatic adaptation.
C1 CNRS, Lab Populat Genet Evolut, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
   Vavilov Inst Gen Genet, Moscow 117809, Russia.
C3 Universite Paris Saclay; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
   (CNRS); Russian Academy of Sciences; Vavilov Institute of General
   Genetics
RP Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5558, 43 Blvd 11 Novembre, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
EM gibert@biomserv.univ-lyon1.fr
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NR 52
TC 98
Z9 113
U1 0
U2 37
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0016-6707
EI 1573-6857
J9 GENETICA
JI Genetica
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 120
IS 1-3
BP 165
EP 179
DI 10.1023/B:GENE.0000017639.62427.8b
PG 15
WC Genetics & Heredity
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Conference Proceedings Citation Index - Science (CPCI-S)
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 778KB
UT WOS:000189239800015
PM 15088656
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Medeiros, CD
   Henry, C
   Trueba, S
   Anghel, I
   Guerrero, SDDD
   Pivovaroff, A
   Fletcher, LR
   John, GP
   Lutz, JA
   Alonzo, RM
   Sack, L
AF Medeiros, Camila D.
   Henry, Christian
   Trueba, Santiago
   Anghel, Ioana
   Guerrero, Samantha Dannet Diaz de Leon
   Pivovaroff, Alexandria
   Fletcher, Leila R.
   John, Grace P.
   Lutz, James A.
   Alonzo, Rodrigo Mendez
   Sack, Lawren
TI Predicting plant species climate niches on the basis of mechanistic
   traits
SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE climatic niche; ecophysiology; functional traits; intraspecific
   variation; plant climate distributions; trait multifunctionality;
   trait-climate mismatch
ID CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; FUNCTIONAL TRAITS;
   DROUGHT TOLERANCE; WOOD DENSITY; LOW-RAINFALL; CORRELATED EVOLUTION;
   HYDRAULIC TRAITS; GLOBAL PATTERNS; LEAF STRUCTURE
AB Improved estimation of climate niches is critical, given climate change. Plant adaptation to climate depends on their physiological traits and their distributions, yet traits are rarely used to inform the estimation of species climate niches, and the power of a trait-based approach has been controversial, given the many ecological factors and methodological issues that may result in decoupling of species' traits from their native climate.For 107 species across six ecosystems of California, we tested the hypothesis that mechanistic leaf and wood traits can robustly predict the mean of diverse species' climate distributions, when combining methodological improvements from previous studies, including standard trait measurements and sampling plants growing together at few sites. Further, we introduce an approach to quantify species' trait-climate mismatch.We demonstrate a strong power to predict species mean climate from traits. As hypothesized, the prediction of species mean climate is stronger (and mismatch lower) when traits are sampled for individuals closer to species' mean climates.Improved resolution of species' climate niches based on mechanistic traits can importantly inform conservation of vulnerable species under the threat of climatic shifts in upcoming decades.Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
   Mejorar la estimacion de los nichos climaticos es fundamental debido al cambio climatico. La adaptacion de las plantas al clima depende de sus atributos fisiologicos y sus distribuciones, sin embargo, los atributos funcionales rara vez son empleados para informar sobre la estimacion de los nichos climaticos de las especies y la relevancia del enfoque basado en los atributos ha sido controversial debido a los multiples factores ecologicos y problemas metodologicos que pueden resultar en el desacoplamiento de los atributos de las especies respecto a su clima nativo.Para 107 especies a traves de seis ecosistemas de California, probamos la hipotesis de que los atributos mecanicistas de hojas y madera pueden predecir con robustez la media de las distribuciones climaticas de este conjunto diverso de especies, al combinar mejoras en la metodologia de estudios previos, incluyendo mediciones estandarizadas de los atributos y la colecta de plantas coexistentes en pocos lugares. Ademas, introducimos un enfoque para cuantificar el desajuste entre el clima y los atributos de las especies.Demostramos que los atributos predicen fuertemente el clima medio de las especies. Conforme nuestra hipotesis, la prediccion del clima medio de las especies es mas precisa (y el desajuste menor) cuando los atributos se recolectan en individuos mas cercanos a su clima medio.La resolucion mejorada de los nichos climaticos de las especies basadas en los atributos mecanicistas es muy importante para informar sobre la conservacion de especies vulnerables a la amenaza de los cambios climaticos de las proximas decadas.
   Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.image
C1 [Medeiros, Camila D.; Henry, Christian; Anghel, Ioana; Sack, Lawren] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
   [Trueba, Santiago] Univ Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, Pessac, France.
   [Guerrero, Samantha Dannet Diaz de Leon; Alonzo, Rodrigo Mendez] Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Dept Biol Conservac, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
   [Pivovaroff, Alexandria] Biol Div Glendale Community Coll, Biol Div, Glendale, CA USA.
   [Fletcher, Leila R.] Yale Univ, Yale Sch Environm, New Haven, CT USA.
   [John, Grace P.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL USA.
   [Lutz, James A.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT USA.
C3 University of California System; University of California Los Angeles;
   Universite de Bordeaux; INRAE; CICESE - Centro de Investigacion
   Cientifica y de Educacion Superior de Ensenada; Yale University; State
   University System of Florida; University of Florida; Utah System of
   Higher Education; Utah State University
RP Medeiros, CD (corresponding author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
EM camila.dbmedeiros@gmail.com
RI Lutz, James/HZL-7641-2023; Medeiros, Camila/S-3957-2018
OI Pivovaroff, Alexandria/0000-0002-3104-1900; Fletcher,
   Leila/0000-0002-2380-041X; John, Grace/0000-0002-8045-5982; Henry,
   Christian/0000-0003-4805-8212; Anghel, Ioana/0000-0002-1454-8718; Lutz,
   James/0000-0002-2560-0710; Trueba, Santiago/0000-0001-8218-957X
FU We acknowledge the indigenous peoples that for millenia stewarded the
   land studied in this project, including the Newe/Kawaiisu/Chemehuevi
   (Granites), Kumiai-Kumeyaay (Ensenada),
   Kizh/Tongva/Chumash/Micqanaqaamp;apos;n (Stunt Ranch and UCLA), Me-Wuk
   (Yose; Washoe/Nisenan (Onion Creek); University of California Natural
   Reserve System (UCNRS); Alec Baird, Marvin Browne, Nathan Kraft - La
   Kretz Center Graduate Research Grants; ESA Forrest Shreve Award
   [1951244, 2017949]; National Science Foundation; UCLA EEB Vavra Research
   Grants [202813/2014-2]; Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq)
   through the Brazilian Science Without Borders Program
FX We acknowledge the indigenous peoples that for millenia stewarded the
   land studied in this project, including the Newe/Kawaiisu/Chemehuevi
   (Granites), Kumiai-Kumeyaay (Ensenada), Kizh/Tongva/Chumash/Micqanaqa &
   apos;n (Stunt Ranch and UCLA), Me-Wuk (Yosemite), Washoe/Nisenan (Onion
   Creek) and Cahto (Angelo) peoples and the University of California
   Natural Reserve System (UCNRS) for maintaining the field sites and
   providing support for the field campaigns. We thank Alec Baird, Marvin
   Browne, Nathan Kraft, Marissa Ochoa and Joseph Zailaa for discussion and
   comments, and Jim Andre and Sarah Germain for field assistance. This
   work was funded by La Kretz Center Graduate Research Grants, UCNRS Stunt
   Ranch Reserve Research Grants, ESA Forrest Shreve Award, the National
   Science Foundation (Grants 1951244 and 2017949) and UCLA EEB Vavra
   Research Grants. C.M. was supported by the Brazilian National Research
   Council (CNPq) through the Brazilian Science Without Borders Program
   (grant number: 202813/2014-2).
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NR 198
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U1 10
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PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0269-8463
EI 1365-2435
J9 FUNCT ECOL
JI Funct. Ecol.
PD NOV
PY 2023
VL 37
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EP 2808
DI 10.1111/1365-2435.14422
EA SEP 2023
PG 23
WC Ecology
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA X9KT7
UT WOS:001070051800001
OA hybrid
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Feng, Z
   Chen, XD
   Leung, LR
AF Feng, Zhe
   Chen, Xiaodong
   Leung, L. Ruby
TI How Might the May 2015 Flood in the US Southern Great Plains Induced by
   Clustered MCSs Unfold in the Future?
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE extreme precipitation; mesoscale convective system; global warming;
   convective processes; convection-permitting simulation; flood risk
ID MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; STORM MORPHOLOGY; UNITED-STATES;
   PRECIPITATION; CLIMATE; RAINFALL; MODEL; EVENTS; MICROPHYSICS;
   SIMULATIONS
AB The historic 22-26 May 2015 flood event in Texas and Oklahoma was caused by anomalous clustered mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) that produced record-breaking rainfall and $3 billion of damage in the region. A month-long regional convection-permitting simulation is conducted to reconstruct multiple clustered MCSs that lead to this flood event. We further use the pseudo global warming approach to examine how a similar event may unfold in a warmer climate and the driving physical factors for the changes. Tracking of MCSs in observations and simulations shows that the historical simulation reproduces the salient characteristics of the observed MCSs. In a warmer climate under a high-emission (SSP5-8.5) scenario, the Southern Great Plains is projected to experience a near surface warming of 4-6 K, accompanied by enhanced moisture transport by the strengthened Great Plains low-level jet. A warmer and moister lower troposphere leads to 36%-59% larger convective available potential energy, supporting wider and more intense convective updrafts and rainfall production. Consistently, MCSs have wider convective areas and stronger rainfall intensities, producing 50% larger rain volumes during the mature stage. Extreme (99.5%) MCS rainfall frequency and amount will increase by threefold. However, MCS stratiform rain area decreases as a result of elevated stratiform cloud bases that lead to stronger sublimation and evaporation of precipitation in response to warming, resulting in reduced weak-to-moderate surface precipitation. Results suggest that global warming greatly increases precipitation intensity of clustered MCS events under strong synoptic influence, with much higher potential to produce serious floods without additional climate adaptation.
   Changes in extreme rainfall produced by thunderstorms in a warmer climate have significant implications to society. However, their projections are highly uncertain due to the inability of the coarse-resolution global climate models to simulate key processes in thunderstorms. Here, we use a kilometer-scale regional model to examine how the record-breaking May 2015 flood event in Texas and Oklahoma may unfold in a warmer climate. By tracking the organized thunderstorms that produced extreme rainfall in observations and simulations, we found that the model reproduced many key characteristics of the observed storms. In a warmer climate where the Great Plains warm by 4-6 K (a low-climate-mitigation scenario), these storms produce 50% more total rainfall and the extreme precipitation increase by threefold as a result of the warmer atmosphere that contain more moisture and larger convective instability. A sharpening of the storm is found where wider and stronger convective vertical motions produce more heavy rainfall while areas with weaker rainfall decrease. These results suggest if similar events were to occur in a warmer climate, the probability of more severe flash flooding may increase. Current flood control and mitigation strategies may need to adapt to the possible strengthening of organized thunderstorms in future climate.
   The historic flood-producing mesoscale convective systems are reproduced in simulations to examine their changes in a warmer climate Warming strengthens the Great Plains low-level jet to transport warmer and more unstable air that fuels stronger convective storms Storm systems have wider and stronger updrafts, producing a threefold increase in extreme precipitation frequency with warming
C1 [Feng, Zhe; Chen, Xiaodong; Leung, L. Ruby] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99354 USA.
C3 United States Department of Energy (DOE); Pacific Northwest National
   Laboratory
RP Feng, Z (corresponding author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99354 USA.
EM zhe.feng@pnnl.gov
RI Chen, Xiaodong/JGD-8455-2023; Leung, Ruby/F-9276-2018; Chen,
   Xiaodong/F-8137-2018; Feng, Zhe/E-1877-2015
OI Leung, Ruby/0000-0002-3221-9467; Chen, Xiaodong/0000-0002-3089-2260;
   Feng, Zhe/0000-0002-7540-9017
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC05-76RL01830]; U.S.
   Department of Energy, Office of Science Biological and Environmental
   Research - U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility
   located at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
FX The authors thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive
   comments. We also thank Dr. Adam Varble and Dr. James Marquis for the
   helpful discussions in interpreting the changes in MCS dynamics. This
   research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
   Science Biological and Environmental Research as part of the HyperFACETS
   project funded by the Regional and Global Model Analysis and
   Multi-Sector Dynamics program areas. This research used resources of the
   National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S.
   Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility located at Lawrence
   Berkeley National Laboratory, operated under Contract No.
   DE-AC02-05CH11231. PNNL is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial
   Institute under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830.
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NR 96
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 4
U2 6
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD APR 28
PY 2024
VL 129
IS 8
AR e2023JD039605
DI 10.1029/2023JD039605
PG 23
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA NU2C4
UT WOS:001202892700001
OA hybrid
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Klinge, M
   Dulamsuren, C
   Erasmi, S
   Karger, DN
   Hauck, M
AF Klinge, Michael
   Dulamsuren, Choimaa
   Erasmi, Stefan
   Karger, Dirk Nikolaus
   Hauck, Markus
TI Climate effects on vegetation vitality at the treeline of boreal forests
   of Mongolia
SO BIOGEOSCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID LARIX-SIBIRICA; STEPPE ECOTONE; TEMPERATURE; NORTHERN; GROWTH;
   PERMAFROST; DYNAMICS; DROUGHT; ORIGIN; TRENDS
AB In northern Mongolia, at the southern boundary of the Siberian boreal forest belt, the distribution of steppe and forest is generally linked to climate and topography, making this region highly sensitive to climate change and human impact. Detailed investigations on the limiting parameters of forest and steppe in different biomes provide necessary information for paleoenvironmental reconstruction and prognosis of potential landscape change. In this study, remote sensing data and gridded climate data were analyzed in order to identify main distribution patterns of forest and steppe in Mongolia and to detect environmental factors driving forest development. Forest distribution and vegetation vitality derived from the normalized differentiated vegetation index (NDVI) were investigated for the three types of boreal forest present in Mongolia (taiga, subtaiga and forest-steppe), which cover a total area of 73 818 km(2). In addition to the forest type areas, the analysis focused on subunits of forest and nonforested areas at the upper and lower treeline, which represent ecological borders between vegetation types. Climate and NDVI data were analyzed for a reference period of 15 years from 1999 to 2013.
   The presented approach for treeline delineation by identifying representative sites mostly bridges local forest disturbances like fire or tree cutting. Moreover, this procedure provides a valuable tool to distinguish the potential forested area. The upper treeline generally rises from 1800 m above sea level (a.s.l.) in the northeast to 2700 ma.s.l. in the south. The lower treeline locally emerges at 1000 ma.s.l. in the northern taiga and rises southward to 2500 ma.s.l. The latitudinal gradient of both treelines turns into a longitudinal one on the eastern flank of mountain ranges due to higher aridity caused by rain-shadow effects. Less productive trees in terms of NDVI were identified at both the upper and lower treeline in relation to the respective total boreal forest type area. The mean growing season temperature (MGST) of 7.9-8.9 degrees C and a minimum MGST of 6 degrees C are limiting parameters at the upper treeline but are negligible for the lower treeline. The minimum of the mean annual precipitation (MAP) of 230-290 mm yr(-1) is a limiting parameter at the lower treeline but also at the upper treeline in the forest-steppe ecotone. In general, NDVI and MAP are lower in grassland, and MGST is higher compared to the corresponding boreal forest. One exception occurs at the upper treeline of the subtaiga and taiga, where the alpine vegetation consists of mountain meadow mixed with shrubs. The relation between NDVI and climate data corroborates that more precipitation and higher temperatures generally lead to higher greenness in all ecological subunits. MGST is positively correlated with MAP of the total area of forest-steppe, but this correlation turns negative in the taiga. The limiting factor in the forest-steppe is the relative humidity and in the taiga it is the snow cover distribution. The subtaiga represents an ecological transition zone of approximately 300 mm yr(-1) precipitation, which occurs independently from the MGST.
   Since the treelines are mainly determined by climatic parameters, the rapid climate change in inner Asia will lead to a spatial relocation of tree communities, treelines and boreal forest types. However, a direct deduction of future tree vitality, forest composition and biomass trends from the recent relationships between NDVI and climate parameters is challenging. Besides human impact, it must consider bio-and geoecological issues like, for example, tree rejuvenation, temporal lag of climate adaptation and disappearing permafrost.
C1 [Klinge, Michael; Erasmi, Stefan] Univ Goettingen, Inst Geog, Goldschmidtstr 5, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany.
   [Dulamsuren, Choimaa; Hauck, Markus] Univ Goettingen, Albrecht von Haller Inst Plant Sci Plant Ecol & E, Untere Karspuele 2, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany.
   [Karger, Dirk Nikolaus] Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, Zuericherstr 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
C3 University of Gottingen; University of Gottingen; Swiss Federal
   Institutes of Technology Domain; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest,
   Snow & Landscape Research
RP Klinge, M (corresponding author), Univ Goettingen, Inst Geog, Goldschmidtstr 5, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany.
EM mklinge1@gwdg.de
RI Erasmi, Stefan/AAN-7652-2020; Karger, Dirk Nikolaus/ABD-5181-2021
OI Erasmi, Stefan/0000-0002-6393-6071
FU Gottingen University; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) -
   Projektnummern [FR 877/32, DU 1145/4-1]
FX The authors would like to thank the US Geological Survey and VITO,
   Belgium, for making the satellite data freely available for scientific
   research. We acknowledge support by the Open Access Publication Funds of
   Gottingen University. We very specially thank Jan Degener for his
   scientific support in data processing and intensive discussion. We also
   thank Udo Schickhoff and an anonymous referee for the valuable comments
   which improved the paper.Funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
   (DFG) - Projektnummern FR 877/32 and DU 1145/4-1.
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NR 58
TC 35
Z9 38
U1 3
U2 49
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1726-4170
EI 1726-4189
J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES
JI Biogeosciences
PD MAR 5
PY 2018
VL 15
IS 5
BP 1319
EP 1333
DI 10.5194/bg-15-1319-2018
PG 15
WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology
GA FY3WA
UT WOS:000426750400003
OA Green Submitted, Green Published, gold, Green Accepted
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Bello, AP
   Mailhot, A
AF Perez Bello, Alexis
   Mailhot, Alain
TI Improving the Representation of Historical Climate Precipitation Indices
   Using Optimal Interpolation Methods
SO ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN
LA English
DT Article
DE optimal interpolation; ensemble optimal interpolation; climate
   precipitations indices; data assimilation; northern Canada
ID DATA ASSIMILATION; TEMPERATURE; EXTREMES; PERFORMANCE; DENSITY;
   VERIFICATION; IMPACTS; MODELS
AB ReSUMe [Traduit par la redaction] La definition d'un climat de reference pour les precipitations est un element important dans l'elaboration de scenarios de changements climatiques sur lesquels s'appuieront les strategies d'adaptation a de tels changements. Cette reference est egalement importante pour de nombreuses applications en hydrologie et en gestion des eaux. Cependant, la reference est difficile a etablir dans des regions ou la couverture des stations meteorologiques est lacunaire, comme dans le nord du Canada ou dans les regions montagneuses. Les reanalyses semblent etre une option interessante pour y parvenir. Elles doivent toutefois etre validees et corrigees des biais avant de pouvoir etre utilisees. Dans cet article, deux methodes d'assimilation de donnees, l'interpolation optimale (IO) et l'interpolation optimale d'ensemble (IOE), ont servi a combiner quatre jeux de donnees de reanalyses avec observations afin d'ameliorer la representation de divers indices de precipitations au Canada. Au total, 986 stations meteorologiques ayant des releves de precipitations couvrant au moins 20 des 30 annees de la periode de reference (1980-2009) ont ete utilisees. Les valeurs annuelles de dix indices de precipitations ont ete estimees pour chaque jeu de donnees disponibles puis combinees (reanalyses plus observations) par IO et IOE. Enfin, une strategie de validation croisee a ete appliquee pour evaluer la performance de chacun des jeux de donnees en question. Selon les resultats, la combinaison de reanalyses et d'observations par IO ou IOE ameliore les estimations d'indices de precipitations des sites ou les precipitations ne sont pas enregistrees. Le jeu de donnees de l'IOE a surpasse l'IO appliquee a chaque reanalyse separement. Une evaluation du jeu de donnees d'observation interpolees aux points de grille de Ressources naturelles Canada montre qu'il doit etre utilise avec circonspection en ce qui a trait aux indices de precipitations extremes, car les valeurs annuelles de precipitations maximales en un jour peuvent etre sous-estimees et le nombre de jours de pluie par annee surestime.
   Defining a reference climate for precipitation is an important requirement in the development of climate change scenarios to support climate adaptation strategies. It is also important for many hydrological and water resource applications. This, however, remains a challenge in regions that are poorly covered by meteorological stations, such as northern Canada or mountainous regions. Reanalyses may represent an interesting option to define a reference climate in such regions. However, these need to be validated and corrected for bias before they can be used. In this paper, two data assimilation methods, Optimal Interpolation (OI) and Ensemble Optimal interpolation (EnOI), were used to combine four reanalysis datasets with observations in order to improve the representation of various precipitation indices across Canada. A total of 986 meteorological stations with minimally 20-year precipitation records over the 30-year reference period (1980-2009) were used. Annual values of ten Climate Precipitations Indices (CPIs) were estimated for each available dataset and were then combined (reanalysis plus observations) using OI and EnOI. A cross-validation strategy was finally applied to assess the relative performance of these datasets. Results suggest that combining reanalysis and observations through OI or EnOI improves CPI estimates at sites where no recorded precipitation is available. The EnOI dataset outperformed OI applied to each reanalysis independently. An evaluation of the gridded interpolated observational dataset from Natural Resources Canada showed it should be used with considerable caution for extreme CPIs because it can underestimate annual maximum 1-day precipitation, as well as overestimate the annual number of wet days.
C1 [Perez Bello, Alexis; Mailhot, Alain] Ctr Eau Terre Environm INRS ETE, Inst Natl Rech Sci, Quebec City, PQ, Canada.
C3 University of Quebec; Institut national de la recherche scientifique
   (INRS)
RP Bello, AP (corresponding author), Ctr Eau Terre Environm INRS ETE, Inst Natl Rech Sci, Quebec City, PQ, Canada.
EM Alexis.Perez_Bello@ete.inrs.ca
OI Perez Bello, Alexis/0000-0002-8689-2374
FU ArcticNet research program
FX This work was financially supported by the ArcticNet research program.
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NR 55
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 13
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0705-5900
EI 1480-9214
J9 ATMOS OCEAN
JI Atmos.-Ocean
PD AUG 7
PY 2020
VL 58
IS 4
BP 243
EP 257
DI 10.1080/07055900.2020.1800444
EA OCT 2020
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography
GA OL8ZI
UT WOS:000577340500001
OA hybrid
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Salinger, MJ
   Sivakumar, MVK
   Motha, R
AF Salinger, MJ
   Sivakumar, MVK
   Motha, R
TI Reducing vulnerability of agriculture and forestry to climate
   variability and change: Workshop summary and recommendations
SO CLIMATIC CHANGE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Workshop on Reducing Vulnerability of Agriculture and
   Forestry to Climate Variability and Climate Change
CY OCT-MAY -, 2002-2003
CL Ljubljana, SLOVENIA
SP WMO, Asia Pacific Network Global Change Res, Canadian Int Dev Agcy, Ctr Techn Cooperat Agricole & Rurale, CTA, Environm Agcy Republic Slovenia, Republic Slovenia, Minist Agr, Forestry & Food, Republic Slovenia, Minist Environm, Spatial Planning & Energy, FAO, Fondazione Meterorologia Applicata, Lab Meteorol & Climatol, USDA, UNEP, UCEA
ID TEMPERATE REGIONS; IMPACTS; FUTURE; TECHNOLOGIES; 21ST-CENTURY;
   ADAPTATION; STRATEGIES
AB The International Workshop on Reducing Vulnerability of Agriculture and Forestry to Climate Variability and Climate Change held in Ljubljana, Solvenia, from 7 to 9 October 2002 addressed a range of important issues relating to climate variability, climate change, agriculture, and forestry including the state of agriculture and forestry and agrometeological information, and potential adaptation strategies for agriculture and forestry to changing climate conditions and other pressures. There is evidence that global warming over the last millennium has already resulted in increased global average annual temperature and changes in rainfall, with the 1990s being likely the warmest decade in the Northern Hemisphere at least. During the past century, changes in temperature patterns have, for example, had a direct impact on the number of frost days and the length of growing seasons with significant implications for agriculture and forestry. Land cover changes, changes in global ocean circulation and sea surface temperature patterns, and changes in the composition of the global atmosphere are leading to changes in rainfall. These changes may be more pronounced in the tropics. For example, crop varieties grown in the Sahel may not be able to withstand the projected warming trends and will certainly be at risk due to projected lower amounts of rainfall as well. Seasonal to interannual climate forecasts will definitely improve in the future with a better understanding of dynamic relationships. However, the main issue at present is how to make better use of the existing information and dispersion of knowledge to the farm level. Direct participation by the farming communities in pilot projects on agrometeorological services will be essential to determine the actual value of forecasts and to better identify the specific user needs. Old (visits, extension radio) and new (internet) communication techniques, when adapted to local applications, may assist in the dissemination of useful information to the farmers and decision makers. Some farming systems with an inherent resilience may adapt more readily to climate pressures, making long-term adjustments to varying and changing conditions. Other systems will need interventions for adaptation that should be more strongly supported by agrometeorological services for agricultural producers. This applies, among others, to systems where pests and diseases play an important role. Scientists have to guide policy makers in fostering an environment in which adaptation strategies can be effected. There is a clear need for integrating preparedness for climate variability and climate change. In developed countries, a trend of higher yields, but with greater annual fluctuations and changes in cropping patterns and crop calendars can be expected with changing climate scenarios. Shifts in projected cropping patterns can be disruptive to rural societies in general. However, developed countries have the technology to adapt more readily to the projected climate changes. In many developing countries, the present conditions of agriculture and forestry are already marginal, due to degradation of natural resources, the use of inappropriate technologies and other stresses. For these reasons, the ability to adapt will be more difficult in the tropics and subtropics and in countries in transition. Food security will remain a problem in many developing countries.
   Nevertheless, there are many examples of traditional knowledge, indigenous technologies and local innovations that can be used effectively as a foundation for improved frming systems. Before developing adaptation strategies, it is essential to learn from the actual difficulties faced by farmers to cope with risk management at the farm level. Agrometeorologists must play an important role in assisting farmers with the development of feasible strategies to adapt to climate variability and climate change. Agrometeorologists should also advise national policy makers on the urgent need to cope with the vulnerabilities of agriculture and forestry to climate variability and climate change. The workshop recommendations were largely limited to adaptation. Adaptation to the adverse effects of climate variability and climate change is of high priority for nearly all countries, but developing countries are particularly vulnerable. Effective measures to cope with vulnerability and adaptation need to be developed at all levels. Capacity building must be integrated into adaptation measures for sustainable agricultural development strategies. Consequently, nations must develop strategies that effectively focus on specific regional issues to promote sustainable development.
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   World Meterol Org, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
   USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA.
C3 National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA) - New Zealand;
   United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
RP Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, POB 109-695, Auckland, New Zealand.
EM j.salinger@niwa.co.nz
OI Sivakumar, Mannava/0000-0002-8154-2658
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NR 30
TC 84
Z9 100
U1 2
U2 234
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-0009
EI 1573-1480
J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE
JI Clim. Change
PD MAY
PY 2005
VL 70
IS 1-2
BP 341
EP 362
DI 10.1007/s10584-005-5954-8
PG 22
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Conference Proceedings Citation Index - Science (CPCI-S)
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 942EG
UT WOS:000230265100018
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Feng, HH
   Wang, S
   Zou, B
   Yang, ZL
   Wang, SH
   Wang, W
AF Feng, Huihui
   Wang, Shu
   Zou, Bin
   Yang, Zhuoling
   Wang, Shihan
   Wang, Wei
TI Contribution of land use and cover change (LUCC) to the global
   terrestrial carbon uptake
SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Terrestrial carbon uptake; Net ecosystem production (NEP); Climate
   change; Land use and cover change (LUCC); Global
ID CLIMATE-CHANGE RESEARCH; URBAN-GROWTH; CO2 FERTILIZATION; CHANGE
   IMPACTS; CHINA; EMISSIONS; FOREST; SCENARIOS; MODEL; SINK
AB Terrestrial carbon uptake is critical to the removal of greenhouse gases and mitigation of global warming, which are closely related to land use and cover change (LUCC). However, understanding terrestrial carbon uptake and the LUCC contribution remains unclear because of complex interactions with other drivers (particularly climate change). By proposing an innovative approach of "trajectory analysis", this study aimed to isolate the LUCC contribution to terrestrial carbon uptake over different scales. Methodologically, global land was first divided into sub-regions of land transformations and stable land trajectories. Then, the carbon uptake change in the stable land trajectory was taken as a synthetic influence of climate change, which was used as a reference to isolate the carbon uptake alternation generated from the LUCC contribution in the land transformation trajec-tories. Finally, future LUCC and the terrestrial carbon uptake response were predicted under different devel-opment pathways. The results showed the global mean net ecosystem production (NEP) was 27.44 & PLUSMN; 36.51 g C m-2 yr-1 in the past two decades (2001-2019), generating 3.15 & PLUSMN; 0.88 Pg C yr -1 of the total terrestrial carbon uptake. Both the NEP and total carbon uptake showed significant increasing trends. Specifically, the mean NEP increased from 17.96 g C m- 2 yr -1 in 2001 to 37.37 g C m- 2 yr -1 in 2019, with the trend written as y = 1.20x + 15.20 (R2 = 0.62, p < 0.01). Meanwhile, the total carbon uptake increased from 2.35 Pg C yr -1 in 2001 to 4.13 Pg C yr -1 in 2019, which could be written as y = 0.12x + 1.93 (R2 = 0.56, p < 0.01). Climate change acted as the dominant factor for the trends at the global scale, which contributed 21.26 g C m- 2 yr -1 and 1.59 Pg C yr -1 of the mean NEP and total carbon uptake changes in the stable land trajectories (94.30 million km2 that covered 63.29 % of the global land area), and the historical LUCC contributed-6.30 g C m- 2 yr -1 (-40.85 %) and -0.046 Pg C yr -1 (-57.50 %) of the mean NEP and the total carbon uptake change in the land transformation trajectories (6.64 million km2 that covered 4.46 % of the global land area), respectively. The maximum LUCC contribution (-61.85 g C m- 2 yr-1) to the mean NEP occurred in the land transformations from evergreen needleleaf forests to woody savannas, while the maximum contribution (-0.034 Pg C y-1) to total carbon uptake was in the deforested regions from evergreen broadleaf forests to woody savannas. Eight SSP-RCP scenarios predictions demonstrated that future terrestrial carbon uptake would increase by an average of 0.015 Pg C yr-1 in 2100 due to global afforestation. SSP4-3.4 and SSP5-3.4 had the greatest potential for increasing carbon uptake, which is expected to reach a maximum increase (0.045 Pg C yr -1) in 2100. In contrast, the minimum terrestrial carbon uptake would occur in SSP5-8.5, which had the highest CO2 emissions. In conclusion, although relatively limited at the global scale, LUCC (particularly forest change) exerted an unneglectable role on terrestrial carbon uptake in land transformation regions. The results of this study will help to clarify terrestrial carbon uptake dynamics and provide a basis for carbon neutral and climatic adaptation.
C1 [Feng, Huihui; Wang, Shu; Zou, Bin; Yang, Zhuoling; Wang, Shihan; Wang, Wei] Cent South Univ, Sch Geosci & Info Phys, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.
   [Feng, Huihui; Zou, Bin; Wang, Wei] Chinese Minist Nat Resources, Intelligent Serv, Key Lab Spatio Temporal Informat, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Shu] Minist Nat Resources, Key Lab Urban Land Resources Monitoring & Simulat, Shenzhen 518000, Peoples R China.
C3 Central South University; Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's
   Republic of China; Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's
   Republic of China
RP Zou, B; Wang, W (corresponding author), Cent South Univ, Sch Geosci & Info Phys, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.
EM 210010@csu.edu.cn; wangweicn@csu.edu.cn
RI Feng, Huihui/V-1807-2019
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [42071378]; Natural Science
   Foundation of Hunan Province [2020JJ3045]; Key Project of Research and
   Development Plan of Hunan Province [2019SK2112]; Open Fund of Key
   Laboratory of Urban Land Resources Monitoring and Simulation, Ministry
   of Natural Resources [KF- 2022-07-021]
FX This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science
   Foundation of China [Grant No. 42071378] , the Natural Science
   Foundation of Hunan Province [Grant No. 2020JJ3045] , the Key Project of
   Research and Development Plan of Hunan Province [No. 2019SK2112] , and
   the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Urban Land Resources Monitoring and
   Simulation, Ministry of Natural Resources [Grant No. KF- 2022-07-021] .
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NR 91
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 37
U2 144
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0048-9697
EI 1879-1026
J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON
JI Sci. Total Environ.
PD NOV 25
PY 2023
VL 901
AR 165932
DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165932
EA AUG 2023
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA P7LO2
UT WOS:001052454100001
PM 37532046
DA 2025-01-10
ER

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   Zhang, Jing
   Zhang, Lu
   Zhang, Rui
   Zhang, Shangchen
   Zhang, Shaohui
   Zhao, Mengzhen
   Zhao, Qi
   Zheng, Dashan
   Zhou, Hao
   Zhou, Jingbo
   Luo, Yong
   Gong, Peng
TI Leveraging climate actions for healthy ageing
SO CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE
LA Chinese
DT Article
DE climate change; public health; population aging; extreme weather; China
ID LANCET COUNTDOWN; CHINA REPORT
AB As China's population ages rapidly, the health risks associated with a changing climate are becoming more threatening. The 2022 China report of the Lancet Countdown, led by Tsinghua University with the contributions of 73 experts from 23 leading global institutions, tracks progress in climate change and health in China through 27 indicators across five domains: (1) Climate change impacts, exposure, and vulnerability; (2) adaptation, planning, and resilience for health; (3) mitigation actions and health co-benefits; (4) economics and finance; and (5) public and political engagement. This report is the third China Lancet Countdown report, paying particular attention to the impacts on the elderly and highlighting the urgency of taking action.
   We selected the most urgent and relevant indicators to complete a policy brief that provides a better understanding of recent progress on climate change and health in China. We found heat-related health impacts increased from 2020 to 2021, increasing heat-related mortality, reducing labour capacity, and undermining the capacity to partake in physical activity due to rising temperature. In addition, exposure to wildfire, extreme drought, and extreme rainfall also increased in different regions across China. In 2021, compared with the 1986-2005 average, people in China had an average of 7.85 more heatwave days (which led to an extra 13185 heatwave-related deaths), and a loss of 0.67 more hours of safe outdoor physical exercise per day. The rising temperature also caused the annual average exposure to wildfire to increase by 60.0% between 2017-2021 compared with the 2001-2005 average. Meanwhile, the engagement on health and climate issues from individuals, scholars, and public sectors continues to grow rapidly. From 2020 to 2021, the number of climate-related articles and documents on the official websites of four Chinese Government departments grew by 1.83 times, and the number of climate-and-health-related articles and documents grew by 3.7 times. However, older populations received marginal attention on this issue in media coverage, although they are more vulnerable to the health threats of climate change than younger populations. In most provinces, people aged 65 years and older are facing higher health risks of climate change than the general population. In addition, we found that the inputs and attention to adaptation are still insufficient compared with the increasing health risks posed by climate change.
   Based on the findings, the following recommendations are made to protect climate change-related health risks: (1) Increasing adaptation across governmental departments and accelerating investment in climate resilience. Adaptation across governmental departments and investment in climate resilience must be substantially increased to protect the health of Chinese populations. (2) Developing a stand-alone Health National Climate Adaptation Plan. Leaders must strengthen the response of local efforts to national plans, for example, by establishing a nationwide heat and cold and health early warning system with regional characteristics. (3) Prioritise climate change in health policies, with a focus on the wellbeing of vulnerable populations. Leaders should include climate change health impact prevention and treatment as one of the key responsibilities of the new National Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention. (4) Accelerating coal reduction and integrating health considerations into China's pathway to carbon neutrality. Leaders must strictly control the capacity of coal-fired power generation and accelerate the pace of coal reduction (especially in the household sector). (5) Promoting renewable energy generation and consumption by redirecting fossil fuel subsidies to China's low-carbon economy. Leaders should keep encouraging renewable energy generation and consumption.
C1 [Cai, Wenjia; Zhang, Shihui; Bai, Yuqi; Cui, Xueqin; Guan, Dabo; Huang, Jianbin; Liu, Zhu; Lou, Shuhan; Xu, Bing; Yu, Le; Zhang, Shangchen; Luo, Yong] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Chi] Beijing Inst Technol, Sch Management & Econ, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Callaghan, Max; Wang, Qiong] Mercator Res Inst Global Commons & Climate Change, D-10829 Berlin, Germany.
   [Chang, Nan] Nanjing Med Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Nanjing 211166, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Bin] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Environm, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Huiqi; Cheng, Liangliang; Lin, Hualiang] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples R China.
   [Dai, Hancheng; Liu, Xinyuan] Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
   [Danna, Bawuerjiang; Jiang, Qiaolei; Wen, Sanmei] Tsinghua Univ, Sch Journalism & Commun, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
   [Dong, Wenxuan; Fan, Weicheng; Huang, Hong] Tsinghua Univ, Inst Publ Safety Res, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
   [Dong, Wenxuan; Fan, Weicheng; Huang, Hong] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Engn Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
   [Fang, Xiaoyi] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Meteorol Impact & Risk Res Ctr, Beijing 100086, Peoples R China.
   [Gao, Tong] Shandong Normal Univ, Sch Business, Jinan 250013, Peoples R China.
   [Geng, Yang; Lin, Borong] Tsinghua Univ, Sch Architecture, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
   [Hu, Yixin] Southeast Univ, Sch Econ & Management, Nanjing 211189, Peoples R China.
   [Hua, Junyi] Ocean Univ China, Sch Int Affairs & Publ Adm, Qingdao 266003, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Cunrui; Miao, Hui] Tsinghua Univ, Vanke Sch Publ Hlth, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
   [Jiang, Linlang] Univ Sci & Technol China, Sch Comp Sci & Technol, Hefei 230027, Peoples R China.
   [Jiang, Xiaopeng] WHO, Representat Off China, Beijing 100600, Peoples R China.
   [Jin, Hu; Tang, Xu; Yuan, Jiacan] Fudan Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Shanghai 200438, Peoples R China.
   [Jin, Hu] Fudan Univ, Inst Atmospher Sci, Shanghai 200438, Peoples R China.
   [Jin, Hu; Yuan, Jiacan] Fudan Univ, Integrated Res Disaster Risk Int Ctr Excellence R, Shanghai 200438, Peoples R China.
   [Kiesewetter, Gregor; Schoepp, Wolfgang; Warnecke, Laura; Winiwarter, Wilfried; Zhang, Shaohui] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal IIASA, Pollut Management Res Grp Energy Climate & Enviro, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria.
   [Liang, Lu] Univ North Texas, Dept Geog & Environm, Denton, TX 76203 USA.
   [Liu, Huan; Luo, Zhenyu] Tsinghua Univ, Sch Environm, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Qiyong; Liu, Xiaobo; Zhang, Lu] Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Communicable Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Key Lab Intelligent Tracking & Forecasting I, Beijing 102206, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Zhao] Beijing Inst Econ & Management, Sch Airport Econ & Management, Beijing 100102, Peoples R China.
   [Lu, Chenxi] Harvard Univ, Belfer Ctr Sci & Int Affairs, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
   [Meng, Wenjun] Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
   [Ren, Chao] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Architecture, Hong Kong 999077, Peoples R China.
   [Romanello, Marina] UCL, Inst Global Hlth, London WC1H 0AL, England.
   [Su, Jing] Tsinghua Univ, Sch Humanities, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
   [Xie, Yang; Zhang, Shaohui] Beihang Univ, Sch Econ & Management, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
   [Yan, Yu; Zhao, Qi] Shandong Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Cheeloo Coll Med, Jinan 250002, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Xiu] Tsinghua Univ, Inst Climate Change & Sustainable Dev, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
   [Yao, Fanghong; Zhang, Rui] Peking Univ, Dept Phys Educ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
   [Zeng, Yiping] Tsinghua Univ, Schwarzman Scholars, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
   [Zhao, Qi] Shandong Univ, Shandong Univ Climate Change & Hlth Ctr, Jinan 250002, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou, Hao] Tsinghua Univ, Inst Urban Governance & Sustainable Dev, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou, Jingbo] Baidu Res, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China.
   [Gong, Peng] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Earth Sci, Hong Kong 999077, Peoples R China.
   [Gong, Peng] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Geog, Hong Kong 999077, Peoples R China.
C3 Tsinghua University; Beijing Institute of Technology; Nanjing Medical
   University; Beijing Normal University; Sun Yat Sen University; Peking
   University; Tsinghua University; Tsinghua University; Tsinghua
   University; China Meteorological Administration; Chinese Academy of
   Meteorological Sciences (CAMS); Shandong Normal University; Tsinghua
   University; Southeast University - China; Ocean University of China;
   Tsinghua University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science
   & Technology of China, CAS; World Health Organization; Fudan University;
   Fudan University; Fudan University; International Institute for Applied
   Systems Analysis (IIASA); University of North Texas System; University
   of North Texas Denton; Tsinghua University; Chinese Center for Disease
   Control & Prevention; National Institute for Communicable Disease
   Control & Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control & Prevention;
   Harvard University; Peking University; University of Hong Kong;
   University of London; University College London; Tsinghua University;
   Beihang University; Shandong University; Tsinghua University; Peking
   University; Tsinghua University; Shandong University; Tsinghua
   University; Baidu; University of Hong Kong; University of Hong Kong
RP Gong, P (corresponding author), Univ Hong Kong, Dept Earth Sci, Hong Kong 999077, Peoples R China.; Gong, P (corresponding author), Univ Hong Kong, Dept Geog, Hong Kong 999077, Peoples R China.
EM penggong@hku.hk
RI Yuan, Jiacan/AAI-5731-2021; Liu, Huan/KUD-9283-2024; Hua,
   Junyi/AAH-2369-2021; Yang, Shilin/AAJ-2491-2021; Winiwarter,
   Wilfried/F-5073-2017; Xu, Bing/C-7732-2015; Jiang,
   Xiaopeng/LLK-5333-2024; WANG, CAN/GWV-0969-2022; Li, Yong/AAA-1220-2022;
   REN, CHAO/KRO-9616-2024; Hu, Yixin/GSJ-0083-2022; Liu,
   Tao/AIA-7232-2022; Chen, Bin/A-6951-2012; Huang, Jianbin/AAP-5941-2020;
   Wang, Yibin/KEZ-9645-2024; Shan, Yuli/N-7747-2015; Guan,
   Dabo/Y-2406-2019; Meng, Wenjun/JVD-8948-2023; Callaghan,
   Max/I-1769-2019; Su, Jing/Q-1928-2018; ZHANG, SHAOHUI/I-2988-2019;
   Huang, Cunrui/ABI-3312-2020; Zhao, Mengzhen/HDL-9973-2022; Fan,
   Weicheng/KHV-4959-2024; Yan, Yu/P-5062-2019; Cai, Wenjia/AAI-3660-2021;
   Zheng, Dashan/LLL-2708-2024; Wang, Weidong/AAV-2446-2021; Geng,
   Yang/GPS-6191-2022; Zhang, Shaohui/I-7297-2018
OI Chen, Huiqi/0000-0002-4608-4495; , REN CHAO/0009-0006-5629-9947; Geng,
   Yang/0000-0002-9296-5664; Xie, Yang/0000-0002-8864-960X; Zhang,
   Shaohui/0000-0003-2487-8574
CR Cai W, 2021, LANCET PUBLIC HEALTH, V6, pe87, DOI 10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00003-7
   Cai WJ, 2022, LANCET PUBLIC HEALTH, V7, pE1073, DOI 10.1016/S2468-2667(22)00224-9
   Cai WJ, 2021, LANCET PUBLIC HEALTH, V6, pE932, DOI 10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00209-7
   Cai WJ, 2021, CHIN SCI B-CHIN, V66, P3925, DOI 10.1360/TB-2021-0140
   [蔡闻佳 Cai Wenjia], 2018, [科学通报, Chinese Science Bulletin], V63, P1205
   Cui XQ, 2020, CHIN SCI B-CHIN, V65, P12, DOI 10.1360/N972019-00185
   Watts N, 2021, LANCET, V397, P129, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32290-X
   Watts N, 2015, LANCET, V386, P1861, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60854-6
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 1
U1 8
U2 36
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI EPHRATA
PA 300 WEST CHESNUT ST, EPHRATA, PA 17522 USA
SN 0023-074X
EI 2095-9419
J9 CHIN SCI B-CHIN
JI Chin. Sci. Bull.-Chin.
PY 2023
VL 68
IS 33
BP 4472
EP 4479
DI 10.1360/TB-2023-0366
PG 8
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
WE Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI)
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA Z4MI9
UT WOS:001111830900008
OA Green Published, Green Accepted
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Courjault-Rade, P
   Munoz, M
   Hirissou, N
AF Courjault-Rade, P
   Munoz, M
   Hirissou, N
TI Geological caracterisation of plots belonging to the Gaillac vineyard
   (Tarn, Midi-Pyrenees) consequences on the determination of Basic Terroir
   Units (BTU) and the choice of vegetative material
SO JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL DES SCIENCES DE LA VIGNE ET DU VIN
LA French
DT Article
DE AOC Gaillac; geology; morphology; vegetative material; terroir effect
AB Detailed geological analyses of plots belonging to the << AOC Gaillac >> area have been carried out in order to adress one of the main natural component ruling the terroir effect process. These plots belong to terraces of the left bank of the Tam river which coincides with one of the three main terroirs of the AOC area. Precisely, the analysed plots are localised on the rissian-aged (approximate to 200 000 yrs B.P.) terrace composed of alluvial shelves crosscut by small valleys where the Oligocen (ca. 28 My) marly molassic basement outcrops. Three different Basic Terroir Units (BTU) have been identified : terrace shelf. terrace slope and comb. Each of them has specific viticultural potentialities related to its topographical, geological and pedological characteristics. Representative profiles have been analysed in each BTU. Field analysis has evidenced that all rocks material have derived from Rissian alluvial deposits due to solifluxion processes when part of the alluvial material deposited on the terrace shelf has slept onto the slope overlying the marly Olicocen molassic basement. This solifluxion phase has taken place during the late-glacial Wurmian climatic oscillations interval (Bollering-Alerod episode ca. 12,000 years BP). Afterwards, during the Holocene period (i.e. the last 10,000 years) the alluvial-derived material has suffered pedolgenetic alteration. The nature of the resulting alterites depends on the initial topographic situation inherited from the late-Wurmian solifluxion phase. On to the terrace shelf the soil sequence begins by a reddish clayey horizon (up to 0, 6m) because of the erosion of the eluvial horizon during the last 10,000 years. It is followed by a thick (= 1 m average) reddish coarse-pebble horizon rich in clays and iron oxydes. On the terrace slope, characteristics luvisols have developped composed by an eluvial silty-sandy horizon (up to 0.60 m) overlying an illuvial pebble-sand level (up to 3m) where clays and ferrous oxydes are moderatly accumulated. Finaly, the thick (> 2m) dark silts and clays sequence (with scattered gravels and small pebbles) of the comb derive from the deposition of eroded soil material of the above terrace shelf and slope units (colluvium).
   On the basis of the role of high qualitative limiting factor played by the water stress parameter such as quality of drainage, permeability of soils, the down-side slope terrace unit appears as the most appropriate unit because of its slope gradient combined with the occurrence of a thick permeable pebble-sand sequence. Finally, combination of physical and chemical results - acidic pH and very low CEC - permits to recommand the Gravesac rootstock adapted to well-drained acidic soils and Syrah/Fer Servadou climatic-adapted grapevine varieties as the most suitable vegetative material. In addition, the knowledge of the geological component at the scale or the basic units allows for the adaptation of some cultural practices in order to enhance the viticultural potentialities of the plots. In order to encourage the vine's roots to dig deep and reach the sandy-pebbles horizon, two cultural possibilities are proposed: inter-row grassing associated with the << inter-plant >> method or earthing down under the row associated with inter-row ploughing. The choice will depends on the soil erosion amplitude if the inter-row ploughing method is used.
   The analysis demonstrate the efficiency of detailed geological survey using BTU concept as an operational tool. Further. it enhances that the geological component can be regarded as an amplification point of the terroir system as any alteration even of minor importance - of the geological parameters, may have noticeable consequences on the resulting terroir effect.
C1 CNRS, LMTG, UMR 5563, F-31400 Toulouse, France.
C3 Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier; Centre
   National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut de Recherche pour
   le Developpement (IRD); CNRS - National Institute for Earth Sciences &
   Astronomy (INSU)
RP CNRS, LMTG, UMR 5563, 14 Ave E Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France.
EM pierrecr@lmtg.obs-mip.fr
RI Courjault-Radé, Pierre/AAH-7387-2021
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NR 20
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 8
PU VIGNE ET VIN PUBLICATIONS INT
PI VILLENAVE D ORNON
PA 210 CHEMIN DE LEYSOTTE CS 50008, 33882 VILLENAVE D ORNON, FRANCE
SN 1151-0285
J9 J INT SCI VIGNE VIN
JI J. Int. Sci. Vigne Vin.
PD JUL-SEP
PY 2005
VL 39
IS 3
BP 95
EP 107
PG 13
WC Food Science & Technology; Horticulture
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Food Science & Technology; Agriculture
GA 970DK
UT WOS:000232285200001
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Mykhailyuk, T
   Lisovets, O
   Tutova, H
AF Mykhailyuk, T.
   Lisovets, O.
   Tutova, H.
TI Steppe vegetation islands in the gully landscape system: Hemeroby,
   naturalness and phytoindication of ecological regimes
SO REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE diversity; plant community; landforms; anthropogenic transformation;
   discriminant analysis
ID PLANT-SPECIES RICHNESS; TOPOGRAPHIC WETNESS INDEX; DRY GRASSLANDS;
   SOIL-MOISTURE; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; ZONE; EVOLUTION; NITROGEN; CLIMATE
AB The article reveals the peculiarities of the vegetation cover of the gully system as a landscape where there are islands of steppe vegetation and their relationship with other types of natural and semi-natural vegetation. The steppe vegetation patches are islands of a vegetation type that was previously typical for a large geographically widespread physical and geographical zone. The steppe vegetation is a complex of species that is best adapted to climatic conditions and is a factor in ensuring the sustainable functioning of zonal landscape complexes. The limited nature of the remnants of steppe vegetation raises the issue of conservation of steppe vegetation and, if possible, restoration of their distribution. The field research was conducted in the Mayorska valley (Dnipropetrovska oblast, Ukraine) (48 degrees 16'41"N, 35 degrees 8'21.49" E). During the summer of 2023, the presence of all vascular plant species was recorded in 289 sample plots of 4 x 4 m in size. The vegetation cover of the gully system was represented by 263 plant species. The analysis of the synoptic phytosociological table allowed to determine that the vegetation cover of the studied gully system is represented by the six classes of vegetation. The highest level of species diversity was characteristic of Festuco-Brometea. A slightly lower number of species was observed for Molinio-Arrhenatheretea and Agropyretalia intermedio-repentis. The lowest number of species was observed in some associations of Phragmito-Magnocaricetea, as well as in Galio-Urticetea and Onopordetalia acanthi. The Festuco-Brometea steppe vegetation communities occur at the greatest distance from possible sources of anthropogenic impact, which are the slopes of the gully. The Festuco valesiacae-Stipetum capillatae associations were usually located in the upper third of the slopes, and the Stipo lessingianae-Salvietum nutantis and Salvio nemorosae-Festucetum valesiacae associations were usually located in the middle third of the gully slopes. The Festuco-Brometea steppe vegetation communities preferred habitats with the highest level of insolation compared to all others. Allother syntaxon, with the exception of Robinietea, were in moderate insolation conditions and did not differ from each other in this respect. The class Robinieteawas found under the lowest insolation level compared to all other syntaxon. The Phragmito-Magnocaricetea community prefers conditions with the highest level of topographic wetness index. The highest naturalness was found for such syntaxon as Festuco-Brometea, Molinio-Arrhenatheretea and Phragmito-Magnocaricetea. The lowest naturalness was found for such syntaxon as the class Artemisietea vulgaris. The hemeroby of the communities was negatively correlated with the number of species and the Shannon diversity index. The use of geomorphological variables, phytoindication assessments of environmental factors, naturalness and hemeroby as predictors allowed to discriminate syntaxon with an average accuracy of 85.5%. The leading gradient was a differential gradient that distinguishes biotopes with high insolation, variability of moisture conditions, high carbonate content, and high naturalness and low hemeroby from biotopes with higher levels of topographic moisture supply and phytoindication soil moisture estimates, higher soil nitrogen content, and higher ombroclimate indicators, and, accordingly, opposite indicators of naturalness and hemerobia.
   This gradient distinguishes between natural steppe (Festuco-Brometea) and meadow (Molinio-Arrhenatheretea) communities on the one hand and semi-natural and artificial ecosystems on the other. The practical significance of the study is that the role of hemerobia and naturalness indicators is emphasized for natural and semi-natural communities. Urban areas have been the usual testing ground for the use of hemeroby indicators. Our research indicates that in the context of significant anthropogenic transformation of the landscapes of the steppe zone of Ukraine, hemeroby and naturalness indicators can be applied to a wide range of ecosystem types. These indicators are appropriate for use in the practice of implementing projects to assess the environmental impact of planned activities. The assessment of hemeroby and naturalness of ecosystems based on botanical data should be recommended as a standard protocol for performing environmental impact assessments. It should also be noted that the spread of shelterbelts and artificial forest plantations within the gully systems is unacceptable. The reason for this is the provocation of erosion processes on the slopes of the gullies due to the destruction of steppe vegetation, which has the best erosion control capacity. Also, artificial forest plantations are a factor in the spread of invasive plant species, which is a negative factor that worsens the functional properties of plant communities and their diversity
C1 [Mykhailyuk, T.; Tutova, H.] Bogdan Khmelnitsky Melitopol State Pedag Univ, Melitopol, Ukraine.
   [Lisovets, O.] Oles Honchar Dnipro Natl Univ, Dnipro, Ukraine.
   [Mykhailyuk, T.] Bogdan Khmelnitsky Melitopol State Pedag Univ, Hetmanska St 20, UA-72318 Melitopol, Ukraine.
   [Lisovets, O.] Oles Honchar Dnipro Natl Univ, Gagarin Av 72, UA-49010 Dnipro, Ukraine.
C3 Bogdan Khmelnitsky Melitopol State Pedagogical University; Ministry of
   Education & Science of Ukraine; Oles Honchar Dnipro National University;
   Bogdan Khmelnitsky Melitopol State Pedagogical University; Ministry of
   Education & Science of Ukraine; Oles Honchar Dnipro National University
RP Mykhailyuk, T (corresponding author), Bogdan Khmelnitsky Melitopol State Pedag Univ, Hetmanska St 20, UA-72318 Melitopol, Ukraine.; Lisovets, O (corresponding author), Oles Honchar Dnipro Natl Univ, Gagarin Av 72, UA-49010 Dnipro, Ukraine.
EM tatyanakulish11a@gmail.com; lisovetselena@gmail.com
RI Lisovets, Olena/GZK-6403-2022
OI Lisovets, Olena/0000-0002-2503-3648
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NR 67
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU OLES HONCHAR DNIPROPETROVSK NATL UNIV
PI DNIPROPETROVSK
PA PR-KT GAGARINA, 42, DNIPROPETROVSK, 49010, UKRAINE
SN 2519-8521
EI 2520-2588
J9 REGUL MECH BIOSYST
JI Regul. Mech. Biosyst.
PY 2023
VL 14
IS 4
BP 581
EP 594
DI 10.15421/022385
PG 14
WC Biology
WE Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI)
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
GA HW7X2
UT WOS:001162621400016
OA gold
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Carcedo, A
   Maddonni, G
   Ramalingam, AP
   Parray, SA
   Tugoo, MZ
   Pereira, TA
   Perumal, R
   Prasad, PVV
   Ciampitti, I
AF Carcedo, Ana
   Maddonni, Gustavo
   Ramalingam, Ajay Prasanth
   Parray, Sabreena A.
   Tugoo, Midhat Z.
   Pereira, Thatiane Alves
   Perumal, Ramasamy
   Prasad, P. V. Vara
   Ciampitti, Ignacio
TI Pearl millet phenology assessment: An integration of field, a review,
   and in silico approach
SO CROP SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID L. R. BR.; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SIMULATING GROWTH; VEGETATIVE PHASE; THERMAL
   TIME; WATER-STRESS; SOIL-WATER; TEMPERATURE; SORGHUM; PHOTOPERIOD
AB Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.] is an essential subsistence cereal for food security in dryland farming systems of the semiarid tropics (e.g., in sub-Saharan Africa) and has improved tolerance to drought, heat, and salinity stress compared to other domesticated cereals. Assessing the variation on phenology is critical toward devising effective adaptative management strategies for crop adaptation to current and future climate change. In this context, pearl millet presents a vast genetic diversity, exhibiting sensitivity to temperature and photoperiod. Hence, this study aims to describe the genotypic variability in the phenological responses of pearl millet to temperature and photoperiod, particularly affecting leaf number with implications on the overall total time to flowering. The dataset encompassed 21 publications from seven countries, with experiments conducted from 1965 to 2023, including three field studies from the United States. Broad variability has been reported for phyllochron values ranging from 45 to 111 degrees Cd leaf-1, with a mean value of 67 degrees Cd leaf-1. Thermal time to panicle initiation ranged from 340 to 594 degrees C, but no response to photoperiod duration was found due to the nature of dataset. Maximum number of leaves per shoot ranged from 11 to 25, showing response (1.55-2.15 leaf h-1) to photoperiod due to variations in thermal time to flowering (from 875 to 1346 degrees Cd). Thermal time to flowering increased ca. 323 degrees Cd h-1 under day durations longer than 13.3 h, below which basic vegetative phase duration was close to 1033 degrees Cd. Based on the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator simulations, different combinations of the above responses (in silico cultivars) generated a great range of times to flowering (44-120 days) for locations in Senegal, Brazil, India, and United States. The findings of this study can help breeders to explore the phenological genetic variability of pearl millet and provide inputs for crop growth models to evaluate future in silico scenarios.
   Pearl millet is essential to food security in dryland systems and to mitigate climate change. Variation in crop phenology could assist in designing effective climate-adaptative strategies. Pearl millet phenology's dataset includes historical data with 21 papers from seven countries. There was large genetic variability in total number of leaves (11-25 leaves shoot-1), phyllochron values (45-111 degrees Cd leaf-1), photoperiod sensitivity (1.55-2.15 leaves h-1) and thermal time to flowering (875-1346 degrees Cd). In silico cultivars generated a great range of simulated flowering times (44-120 days) at varied locations in Senegal, Brazil, India, and United States.
   Pearl millet is an important crop in dry regions like sub-Saharan Africa and has traits that make it more resilient to harsh environmental conditions compared to other crops. Scientists wanted to understand how pearl millet's growth is affected by factors like temperature and daylight to help farmers better manage the crop in changing climates. The study found that pearl millet has a large genetic diversity, and its growth is influenced by temperature and daylight. Different varieties of pearl millet reacted differently to these factors, affecting when the plant would flower, how many leaves develop, and how fast these leaves appear. This research can help plant breeders to develop new varieties of pearl millet that are better suited to different environments and also to test crop models to develop scenarios for predicting pearl millet performance under future climate conditions.
C1 [Carcedo, Ana; Ramalingam, Ajay Prasanth; Parray, Sabreena A.; Tugoo, Midhat Z.; Pereira, Thatiane Alves; Prasad, P. V. Vara; Ciampitti, Ignacio] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, 2002 Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
   [Maddonni, Gustavo] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Agron, Dept Prod Vegetal, Catedra Cerealicultura, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
   [Maddonni, Gustavo] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Agron, IFEVA, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
   [Perumal, Ramasamy] Kansas State Univ, Agr Res Ctr, Hays, KS USA.
   [Carcedo, Ana] North Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sicences, 1360 Bolley Dr, Fargo, ND 58102 USA.
C3 Kansas State University; University of Buenos Aires; University of
   Buenos Aires; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas
   (CONICET); Kansas State University; North Dakota State University Fargo
RP Carcedo, A; Ciampitti, I (corresponding author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, 2002 Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
EM carcedo@ksu.edu; ciampitti@ksu.edu
RI Prasad, P.V. Vara/B-3835-2012
OI Prasad, P.V. Vara/0000-0001-6632-3361; Perumal,
   Ramasamy/0000-0002-0649-8853; Ciampitti, Ignacio/0000-0001-9619-5129
FU United States Agency for International Development [AID-OAA-L-14-00006]
FX United States Agency for International Development, Grant/Award Number:
   AID-OAA-L-14-00006
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NR 97
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0011-183X
EI 1435-0653
J9 CROP SCI
JI Crop Sci.
PD NOV
PY 2024
VL 64
IS 6
BP 3028
EP 3042
DI 10.1002/csc2.21352
EA SEP 2024
PG 15
WC Agronomy
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Agriculture
GA M5M7K
UT WOS:001317058900001
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Payn, T
   Carnus, JM
   Freer-Smith, P
   Kimberley, M
   Kollert, W
   Liu, SR
   Orazio, C
   Rodriguez, L
   Silva, LN
   Wingfield, MJ
AF Payn, Tim
   Carnus, Jean-Michel
   Freer-Smith, Peter
   Kimberley, Mark
   Kollert, Walter
   Liu, Shirong
   Orazio, Christophe
   Rodriguez, Luiz
   Silva, Luis Neves
   Wingfield, Michael J.
TI Changes in planted forests and future global implications
SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Planted forests; Global trends; Climate; Population
ID PLANTATION FORESTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DISEASES; INSECT; WOOD
AB This paper focuses on an analysis of planted forests data from the 2015 Forests Resources Assessment of the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FRA 2015). It forms one of a series of papers in the FRA 2015 special issue of this journal.
   While total forest area decreased from 4.28 billion hectares to 3.99 billion hectares from 1990 to 2015, with percent global forest cover dropping from 31.85% to 30.85%, the area of planted forests increased from 167.5 to 277.9 million hectares or 4.06% to 6.95% of total forest area. Increase was most rapid in the temperate zone, and regionally in East Asia, followed by Europe, North America, and Southern and Southeast Asia.
   However the annualised rate of increase in area of planted forests slowed in the 2010-2015 period to 1.2%, below the 2.4% rate suggested is needed to supply all of the world's timber and fibre needs. The majority of planted forests comprised native species with only 18-19% of the total area being of introduced species. Introduced species were dominant in the southern hemisphere countries of South America, Oceania and Eastern and Southern Africa where industrial forestry is dominant.
   Twenty countries accounted for 85% of planted forest area and a different 20 countries for 87% of planted forest roundwood supply. As with forest area, roundwood supply from planted forests also showed an increasing trend although this was based on minimal data. There was a mismatch in composition and rankings of the top 20 countries with top forest area and roundwood production suggesting that there are substantial opportunities to increase roundwood production in the future, especially in China which has the largest area but is currently ranked 3rd in roundwood production.
   Outlook statements were developed for the FAO sub regions based on past changes in planted forest area, population growth, and climate and forest health risks to identify key issues for the future. The overall view from this study suggests that climate impacts, especially from extreme climatic events will affect planted forests in the future and that forest health impacts can also be expected to increase. Outlooks vary regionally. Europe and North America are likely to be most concerned with climate and health risks; Asia will experience population pressure that will impact on land availability for new forests and risks from extreme weather events, and will need to make the most of its existing forests; Africa will need to increase planted forest area to offset continuing deforestation and rapid population growth; and Oceania, the Caribbean, Central and South America are likely to be most concerned with climate impacts. To ensure the continued contribution of planted forests, a number of responses will be required to both maintain existing and also to develop new forests. Intensification of production in existing forests will lessen the need for greater forest areas and offset any land use conflicts related to food security; climate adaptation strategies will need to be developed as a matter of urgency, and forest health focus must remain a priority for research. Establishment of new forests will be eased through greater community and stakeholder engagement. Application of models such as WWF's New Generation Plantations, which recognises the importance of society and the need to consider the full range of forest products and services within the wider landscape and spectrum of land uses, will be important.
   We recommend that to enable deeper analysis related to planted forests future FRA Assessments consider ways to better gather data specific to planted forests such as productivity so that this important component of global forests can be better understood. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Payn, Tim; Kimberley, Mark] Scion, Rotorua, New Zealand.
   [Carnus, Jean-Michel] INRA, Paris, France.
   [Kollert, Walter] FAO, Rome, Italy.
   [Liu, Shirong] Chinese Acad Forestry, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Orazio, Christophe] European Forest Inst, Bordeaux, Atlantic Region, France.
   [Rodriguez, Luiz] Univ Sao Paulo, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil.
   [Silva, Luis Neves] WWF, Geneva, Switzerland.
C3 Scion; INRAE; Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
   (FAO); Chinese Academy of Forestry; Universidade de Sao Paulo; World
   Wildlife Fund
RP Payn, T (corresponding author), Scion, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua, New Zealand.
EM tim.payn@scionresearch.com
RI orazio, christophe/JXN-0124-2024; Wingfield, Michael/A-9473-2008;
   Rodriguez, Luiz Carlos/D-7043-2012
OI Payn, Tim/0000-0003-2482-6379; Rodriguez, Luiz
   Carlos/0000-0002-1430-7981
FU FAO
FX The authors acknowledge the support of their organisations for the
   development of this paper; the support and encouragement of the FAO, and
   especially Ken MacDicken, in making available the 2015 Global Forest
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NR 35
TC 487
Z9 541
U1 24
U2 289
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-1127
EI 1872-7042
J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG
JI For. Ecol. Manage.
PD SEP 7
PY 2015
VL 352
BP 57
EP 67
DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2015.06.021
PG 11
WC Forestry
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Forestry
GA CS0UH
UT WOS:000361777200007
OA hybrid
HC Y
HP N
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Múnera-Roldán, C
   Colloff, MJ
   van Kerkhoff, L
   Andrade, GI
AF Munera-Roldan, Claudia
   Colloff, Matthew J.
   van Kerkhoff, Lorrae
   Andrade, German I.
TI Using a futures orientation to enable adaptation of protected areas
   under climate change
SO PEOPLE AND NATURE
LA English
DT Article
DE Australia; climate adaptation; Colombia; future-oriented conservation;
   policy and practice; socio-ecological transformations; South Africa
ID KNOWLEDGE GOVERNANCE; CONSERVATION; RESILIENCE; BIODIVERSITY;
   PERSPECTIVE; SCIENCE; VALUES; TIME
AB Protected areas are central for long-term conservation of biodiversity and can potentially support climate change mitigation. But protected areas are also affected by climate change. Managers and scientists are increasingly facing the difficult task of making decisions under rapid change. Understanding individual and institutional futures considerations for adaptation is fundamental to evaluate whether protected area governance is adequate to anticipate, prepare and respond to climate change. Using mixed qualitative methods, we analysed adaptation narratives extracted from 51 semi-structured interviews with conservation practitioners and scientists involved in protected area management in Australia, Colombia and South Africa. We applied a multidimensional model to examine how people make sense of the concept of adaptation. The model allowed us to evaluate how different actors perceive and conceptualise the future and their level of awareness of climate change impacts on values of protected areas, as reflected in the expectations and motivations behind adaptation actions. The results show a plurality of adaptation concepts and approaches. The narratives are framed under different governance approaches (top-down, bottom-up, participatory) influencing the sense of agency, the rationale for adaptation (adaptation of what and for whom) and the level of acceptance of change. Action time is associated with preferences and actions in response to ecological change, with more proactive action linked with systemic approaches. We propose that examining world views underpinning how individuals and institutions make sense of the concept of adaptation can support future-oriented conservation practices despite the inherent uncertainty of climate change. The narratives presented here may provide a basis to facilitate deliberations about current practices and identify potential contradictions between individual and collective aspirations for adaptation to create pathways for collective action towards desired futures.Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
   Las areas protegidas son centrales para la conservacion de la biodiversidad en el largo plazo y podrian contribuir a la mitigacion del cambio climatico. No obstante, las areas protegidas tambien son afectadas por un clima cambiante. Los responsables de manejar estas areas estan enfrentando crecientemente la dificil tarea de tomar decisiones bajo condiciones de rapido cambio climatico. Entender las consideraciones tanto individuales como institucionales para la adaptacion al futuro, es fundamental para evaluar si la gobernanza es adecuada para anticipar, preparar y responder al cambio climatico. Utilizamos una combinacion de metodos cualitativos para extraer y analizar narrativas de adaptacion obtenidas de 51 entrevistas semiestructuradas con profesionales de la conservacion y cientificos involucrados en la gestion de areas protegidas en Australia, Colombia y Sudafrica. Aplicamos un modelo multidimensional para examinar como las personas entienden el concepto de adaptacion. El modelo nos permitio evaluar como diferentes actores perciben y conceptualizan el futuro y el nivel de reconocimiento de los impactos del cambio climatico sobre los valores de las areas protegidas, en cuanto a como se reflejaron en las expectativas y motivaciones conducentes a las acciones de adaptacion. Los resultados muestran una pluralidad de conceptos y enfoques de adaptacion. Las narrativas se enmarcan bajo diferentes enfoques de gobernanza (jerarquico, local, participativo) que influyen la intencion, justificacion para adaptacion (adaptacion de que y para quien) y el nivel de aceptacion del cambio. El tiempo de accion esta asociado con preferencias y acciones en respuesta al cambio ecologico, con acciones mas proactivas vinculadas con enfoques ecosistemicos. Proponemos que examinar las diferentes visiones del mundo que subyacen el entendimiento de los conceptos de adaptacion tanto de individuos e instituciones, puede apoyar practicas de conservacion orientadas al futuro a pesar de la incertidumbre inherente del cambio climatico. Las narrativas presentadas aqui pueden proveer una base para examinar criticamente actuales practicas de adaptacion e identificar posibles contradicciones entre aspiraciones individuales y colectivas, creando asi rutas para la accion colectiva hacia futuros deseados.
   Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
C1 [Munera-Roldan, Claudia; Colloff, Matthew J.; van Kerkhoff, Lorrae] Australian Natl Univ, Fenner Sch Environm & Soc, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
   [Munera-Roldan, Claudia] CSIRO Environm, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
   [Andrade, German I.] Inst Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota, Colombia.
C3 Australian National University; Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial
   Research Organisation (CSIRO)
RP Múnera-Roldán, C (corresponding author), Australian Natl Univ, Fenner Sch Environm & Soc, Canberra, ACT, Australia.; Múnera-Roldán, C (corresponding author), CSIRO Environm, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
EM claudia.munera@anu.edu.au
RI Munera-Roldan, Claudia/GNW-2330-2022; van Kerkhoff,
   Lorrae/AAF-2275-2020; Colloff, Matthew/B-7398-2009; Munera-Roldan,
   Claudia/F-6995-2015
OI Colloff, Matthew/0000-0002-3765-0627; Munera-Roldan,
   Claudia/0000-0003-0601-2312; van Kerkhoff, Lorrae/0000-0003-0247-1511
FU Australian Government Department of Education, Skills and Employment for
   an Endeavour Postgraduate Scholarship
FX Claudia Munera-Roldan is grateful to the Australian Government
   Department of Education, Skills and Employment for an Endeavour
   Postgraduate Scholarship. Special thanks to SANParks for fieldwork
   support and to interviewees in the three countries for their time and
   willingness to share their stories. The authors thank Dirk Roux
   (SANParks), Carina Wyborn and Jamie Pittock (ANU) for providing feedback
   on an earlier version of this manuscript. Luis Miguel Renjifo
   (Universidad Javeriana) revised the Spanish version of the Abstract.
   This paper is a contribution from the Transformative Adaptation Research
   Alliance (TARA, https://research.csiro.au/tara/); an international
   network of researchers and practitioners dedicated to the development
   and implementation of novel approaches to transformative adaptation to
   global change. We thank the Editor, Associate Editor and reviewers for
   their constructive comments. Open access publishing facilitated by
   Australian National University, as part of the Wiley - Australian
   National University agreement via the Council of Australian University
   Librarians.
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NR 91
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 6
U2 13
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
EI 2575-8314
J9 PEOPLE NAT
JI People Nat.
PD DEC
PY 2023
VL 5
IS 6
BP 2141
EP 2157
DI 10.1002/pan3.10547
PG 17
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA HA9D0
UT WOS:001156873900015
OA gold
DA 2025-01-10
ER

PT J
AU Cravens, AE
   Clifford, KR
   Knapp, C
   Travis, WR
AF Cravens, Amanda E.
   Clifford, Katherine R.
   Knapp, Corrine
   Travis, William R.
TI The dynamic feasibility of resisting (R), accepting (A), or directing
   (D) ecological change
SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Early Access
DE climate adaptation; ecological transformation; financial constraints;
   organizational culture; public opinion; regulations;
   resist-accept-direct framework; social-ecological feedbacks; adaptaci &
   oacute;n clim & aacute;tica; cultura de organizaci & oacute;n; marco
   resistir-aceptar-dirigir; opini & oacute;n p & uacute;blica;
   regulaciones; retroalimentaci & oacute;n socio-ecol & oacute;gica;
   restricciones econ & oacute;micas; transformaci & oacute;n ecol &
   oacute;gica
ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; UNITED-STATES; SOCIAL NORMS;
   ADAPTATION; MANAGEMENT; SCIENCE; RESTORATION; LIVELIHOODS; FEEDBACKS
AB Ecological transformations are occurring as a result of climate change, challenging traditional approaches to land management decision-making. The resist-accept-direct (RAD) framework helps managers consider how to respond to this challenge. We examined how the feasibility of the choices to resist, accept, and direct shifts in complex and dynamic ways through time. We considered 4 distinct types of social feasibility: regulatory, financial, public, and organizational. Our commentary is grounded in literature review and the examples that exist but necessarily has speculative elements because empirical evidence on this newly emerging management strategy is scarce. We expect that resist strategies will become less feasible over time as managers encounter situations where resisting is ecologically, by regulation, financially, or publicly not feasible. Similarly, we expect that as regulatory frameworks increasingly permit their use, if costs decrease, and if the public accepts them, managers will increasingly view accept and direct strategies as more viable options than they do at present. Exploring multiple types of feasibility over time allows consideration of both social and ecological trajectories of change in tandem. Our theorizing suggested that deepening the time horizon of decision-making allows one to think carefully about when one should adopt different approaches and how to combine them over time.
   La viabilidad din & aacute;mica de resistir (R), aceptar (A) o dirigir (D) el cambio ecol & oacute;gico Las transformaciones ecol & oacute;gicas ocurren por el cambio clim & aacute;tico, lo que representa un reto para los enfoques tradicionales para decidir en torno a la gesti & oacute;n de tierras. El marco resistir-aceptar-dirigir (RAD) ayuda a los gestores a considerar c & oacute;mo responder a este reto. Analizamos c & oacute;mo la viabilidad de las opciones para resistir, aceptar y dirigir cambia de manera compleja y din & aacute;mica con el tiempo. Consideramos cuatro tipos distintos de viabilidad: regulatoria, econ & oacute;mica, p & uacute;blica y de organizaci & oacute;n. Nuestro comentario est & aacute; basado en la revisi & oacute;n bibliogr & aacute;fica y los ejemplos que existen, pero por necesidad tiene elementos especulativos ya que la evidencia emp & iacute;rica sobre esta estrategia emergente de gesti & oacute;n es escasa. Esperamos que las estrategias de resistir se vuelvan menos viables con el tiempo conforme los gestores encuentren situaciones en las que resistir no es viable de forma ecol & oacute;gica, econ & oacute;mica, p & uacute;blica o por regulaci & oacute;n. Al igual esperamos que cada vez m & aacute;s los marcos regulatorios permitan su uso, si el costo disminuye, y si el p & uacute;blico los acepta, los gestores ver & aacute;n cada vez m & aacute;s viables las estrategias de aceptar y dirigir que las que utilizan actualmente. La exploraci & oacute;n de varios tipos de viabilidad a lo largo del tiempo permite considerar las trayectorias sociales y ecol & oacute;gicas del cambio en conjunto. Nuestra teor & iacute;a sugiere que profundizar en el horizonte temporal de las decisiones permite que se analice con cuidado sobre cuando se deben adoptar enfoques diferentes y c & oacute;mo combinarlos con el tiempo. ResumenLa viabilidad din & aacute;mica de resistir (R), aceptar (A) o dirigir (D) el cambio ecol & oacute;gico Las transformaciones ecol & oacute;gicas ocurren por el cambio clim & aacute;tico, lo que representa un reto para los enfoques tradicionales para decidir en torno a la gesti & oacute;n de tierras. El marco resistir-aceptar-dirigir (RAD) ayuda a los gestores a considerar c & oacute;mo responder a este reto. Analizamos c & oacute;mo la viabilidad de las opciones para resistir, aceptar y dirigir cambia de manera compleja y din & aacute;mica con el tiempo. Consideramos cuatro tipos distintos de viabilidad: regulatoria, econ & oacute;mica, p & uacute;blica y de organizaci & oacute;n. Nuestro comentario est & aacute; basado en la revisi & oacute;n bibliogr & aacute;fica y los ejemplos que existen, pero por necesidad tiene elementos especulativos ya que la evidencia emp & iacute;rica sobre esta estrategia emergente de gesti & oacute;n es escasa. Esperamos que las estrategias de resistir se vuelvan menos viables con el tiempo conforme los gestores encuentren situaciones en las que resistir no es viable de forma ecol & oacute;gica, econ & oacute;mica, p & uacute;blica o por regulaci & oacute;n. Al igual esperamos que cada vez m & aacute;s los marcos regulatorios permitan su uso, si el costo disminuye, y si el p & uacute;blico los acepta, los gestores ver & aacute;n cada vez m & aacute;s viables las estrategias de aceptar y dirigir que las que utilizan actualmente. La exploraci & oacute;n de varios tipos de viabilidad a lo largo del tiempo permite considerar las trayectorias sociales y ecol & oacute;gicas del cambio en conjunto.
   Nuestra teor & iacute;a sugiere que profundizar en el horizonte temporal de las decisiones permite que se analice con cuidado sobre cuando se deben adoptar enfoques diferentes y c & oacute;mo combinarlos con el tiempo. Resumen
C1 [Cravens, Amanda E.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 9733 USA.
   [Clifford, Katherine R.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Western Water Assessment, Boulder, CO USA.
   [Knapp, Corrine] Univ Wyoming, Haub Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Laramie, WY USA.
   [Travis, William R.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO USA.
   [Travis, William R.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, North Cent Climate Adaptat Sci Ctr, Boulder, CO USA.
C3 United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological
   Survey; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder;
   University of Wyoming; University of Colorado System; University of
   Colorado Boulder; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado
   Boulder
RP Cravens, AE (corresponding author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 9733 USA.
EM aecravens@usgs.gov
OI Cravens, Amanda/0000-0002-0271-7967
FU U.S. Geological Survey North Central Climate Adaptation Science Center;
   U.S. Geological Survey Northwest Climate Adaptation Science Center; U.S.
   Geological Survey Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center
FX U.S. Geological Survey North Central, Northwest, and Northeast Climate
   Adaptation Science Centers
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NR 126
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 5
U2 5
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0888-8892
EI 1523-1739
J9 CONSERV BIOL
JI Conserv. Biol.
PD 2024 JUL 17
PY 2024
DI 10.1111/cobi.14331
EA JUL 2024
PG 12
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA YO0O2
UT WOS:001269312300001
PM 39016709
OA hybrid
DA 2025-01-10
ER

EF